London residence in parish of St. Peter Paul's Wharf, sometimes called the \"Abbot of St. Mary of Yorkes place,\" 1589 (Lond. I. p.m. III. 147).
\nGiven by Henry VIII. to Thomas lord Wriothesley, 35 H. VIII. (Dugdale, III. 540).
\nBelonged to Thomas Randolphe, 1589 (Lond. I. p.m. III. 147).
\nThe stable adjoined the churchyard of St. Peter's Church (L. and P.H. VIII. XIX. (1), p. 86).
\nOn the east side of Peter Hill (S. 369).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/1/" }, { "place_id": 2, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Abbot's Inn", "Abbot of Waltham's House" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85270, "address": "Abbot's Inn", "street_id": 4366, "city_id": 105, "country_id": 2, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 2, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85270/" } ], "description": "The town house of the Abbots of Waltham. On the west side of St. Mary At Hill (Street), south of the church. In Billingsgate Ward. There is a long account of the house in the Archæologia XXXVI. ii. pp. 400–10, from which it appears that the land on which the house was erected was acquired by the Abbey of Waltham during the 12th century from various owners for the purpose of erecting a residence for the Abbots, when occasion required that they should be in London.From the Minister's accounts in the Augmentation Office, temp H. VIII., it seems to have been an extensive and considerable mansion.
\nIn 1218–21 the Abbots had erected a chapel in their court adjoining the church of St. Mary de la Hille (H. MSS. Com. 9 Rep. p 17, MSS. D. and C. of St. Paul's). In 1500–1 the site of the Kitchen of the house was acquired for the church of St. Mary at Hill from the Abbot of Waltham, and the south east aisle of the church was erected upon it. The quit rent of this aisle after the dissolution of the monasteries was payable to the king. (Records of St Mary at Hill, I. 240, 391, E.E.T.S. ed.) After the dissolution of the monastery, the Inn known as Waltham or Abbot's Inn passed into private hands and was in existence until destroyed in the Great Fire, 1666 (L. and P. H. VIII. D.S. Vol. x. p. 530 and Lond. I. p.m. 2 and 3 P. and M. 138).
\nA chamber in the Inn was used as a school house in 1523–4 (Rec. of St. Mary at Hill I. 321).
\nThe Abbots also possessed property on the other side of the street.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/2/" }, { "place_id": 3, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Abchurch Lane", "Abbechurche lane", "Abcherchelane", "Lane of St. Mary de Abbechirche", "Lane of St. Mary Abchurch" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 84530, "address": "Abchurch Lane", "street_id": 3, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.511761, "longitude": -0.08805, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 3, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/84530/" } ], "description": "South out of Lombard Street at No. 15 to 133 Cannon Street (P.O. Directory). In Langbourne, Candlewick and Walbrook Wards.
\nEarliest recorded form of name: \"Abbechurche lane,\" 20 Ed. I. (Anc. Deeds, A. 1887).
\nOther forms: \"Abcherchelane,\" 1313 (Ct. H. W. I. 239). \"Lane of St Mary de Abbechirche,\" 1346–7 (ib. I. 492). \"Abchurch lane,\" 1557 (ib. II. 666).
\nThe street was cut into two portions by the formation of King William Street, 1831, and a considerable number of houses in the centre of the street were demolished for this purpose.
\nNamed after St. Mary Abchurch, situated on the western side of the lane.
Abchurch Lane, connecting Lombard Street with Cannon Street, was so named from the parish of St. Mary Abchurch, or Upchurch, as Stow says he had seen it written. Mr. John Moore, \"author of the celebrated worm-powder\" (d. 1737), lived in this lane.
\nOh learned friend of Abchurch Lane,\n
Who sett'st our entrails free!
Vain is thy art, thy powder vain,
Since worms shall eat e'en thee.—Pope.
In the open square called Abchurch Yard, at the junction of Sherborne Lane, is the church of St. Mary Abchurch, designed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1686. [See St. Mary Abchurch.]
\nHere, in the house of Thomas Shepherd, \"a merchant upon Change,\" in the reign of Charles II., William Lord Russell, Algernon Sidney, the Duke of Monmouth, and others opposed to the party of the Duke of York, were accustomed to meet. The Mother Wells, whose cakes or \"pasties\" are celebrated in Webster's Northward Ho (1607) and Haughton's Englishman for my Money (1616, acted 1598), had her establishment in this lane. Burn describes a token of John Lucas at the White Bear \"in Abchurch Lane, 1665,—his half-peny.\" The White Bear was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. Five and twenty years later Abchurch Lane could boast of a still more celebrated tavern and eating-house. [See Pontacks.]
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/3/" }, { "place_id": 4, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Abchurch Yard", "St. Mary Abchurch Yard", "St. Mary Abchurch Churchyard" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85271, "address": "Abchurch Yard", "street_id": 4, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.511787, "longitude": -0.088572, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 4, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85271/" } ], "description": "On the north-west side of Abchurch Lane at No. 17, south of St. Mary Abchurch, to Sherborne Lane, at No. 14 (P.O. Directory). In Candlewick and Walbrook Wards. First mention: (P.C. 1732). In O. and M. 1677, the site is occupied by St Mary Abchurch Churchyard, hence the name.
\nDescribed by Strype as a Churchyard enclosed by a Brick Wall and hath an open large Free Stone Pavement on the South side (Strype, ed. 1720, I. ii. 190).
Abchurch-Yard, Abchurch-Lane,—the open space at the S. end by 67, Cannon-street.
Abchurch-Yard, Lombard-street, is the open space at the south end of St. Mary, Abchurch, in Abchurch-lane, aforesaid, near Cannon-street.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/4/" }, { "place_id": 5, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Acorn Court", "Acorn Alley", "Acorn Street" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85272, "address": "Acorn Court", "street_id": 5, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 5, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85272/" } ], "description": "West out of Bishopsgate at No. 128 (P.O. Directory). In Bishopsgate Ward Without.
\nVariant names: \"Acorn Street\" (Lockie, 1816). \"Acorn Alley\" (O. and M. 1677–Lockie, 1810). \"Acorn Court\" (Strype, 1720, I. ii. 108).
\nIt seems to have been rebuilt since 1799 and widened. Elmes in 1831 also mentions \"Acorn Court\" at No. 125, and so does Lond. Guide, 1758.
\nThe street is much shorter now than as it is shown in O.S. 1880, in consequence of the Metropolitan Railway extensions, and there are only a few houses in it.
\nDodsley says it was named after the \"Acorn,\" which stood on the site of the present King's Arms Tavern, No. 128, Bishopsgate, and see N. and Q. II S. III. p. 3.
Acorn Alley, a long one, on the W. side of Bishopsgate Str. without, near the N. End.
Acorn Court, very narrow and ordinary; at the upper end it opens into a little Court, and out of this is a Passage into Skinner's Street.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/5/" }, { "place_id": 6, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adam and Eve Court" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85273, "address": "Adam and Eve Court", "street_id": 6, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 6, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85273/" } ], "description": "North out of Angel Alley, Bishopsgate Street Without, near Skinner Street (Lockie, 1810–Elmes, 1831).
\nName derived from the sign, which was a favourite trade sign and the arms of the Fruiterers' Company.
\nSite now covered by the Metropolitan and Great Eastern Railway lines, etc.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/6/" }, { "place_id": 7, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adam and Eve Court" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85274, "address": "Adam and Eve Court", "street_id": 7, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 7, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85274/" } ], "description": "West out of Petticoat Lane in Portsoken Ward, in the parish of St. Botolph, Aldgate (P.C. 1732–Boyle, 1799). Not named in the maps.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/7/" }, { "place_id": 8, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adam and Eve Court", "Adam's Court" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85275, "address": "Adam and Eve Court", "street_id": 8, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 8, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85275/" } ], "description": "South-west out of Duke's Place, through New Court to King Street. In Aldgate Ward (Lockie, 1810–Elmes, 1831).
\nFormer name: \"Adam's Court\" (Rocque, 1746–Boyle, 1799).
\nNamed after a sign, as in previous case. Removed for the formation of Mitre Street
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/8/" }, { "place_id": 9, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adam and Eve Court", "Adam and Eve Alley" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85276, "address": "Adam and Eve Court", "street_id": 9, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 9, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85276/" } ], "description": "North out of West Smithfield to the City boundary in Farringdon Ward Without (Horwood, 1799).
\nFormer name: \"Adam and Eve Alley\" (O. and M. 1677–Dodsley, 1761). The site is now occupied by Smithfield Meat Market.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/9/" }, { "place_id": 10, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adam's Court", "Adam Court" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85277, "address": "Adam's Court", "street_id": 10, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 10, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85277/" } ], "description": "East out of Foster Lane, in Aldersgate Ward (Strype, ed. 1720, I. iii. 120). No further reference, and not named in the maps.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/10/" }, { "place_id": 11, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adam's Court" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85278, "address": "Adam's Court", "street_id": 11, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 11, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85278/" } ], "description": "South out of Dunnings Alley in Bishopsgate Ward Without (Strype 1720). Probably named after the builder or owner.
\nThe site is now occupied by the lines of the North London and Great Eastern Railway Companies.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/11/" }, { "place_id": 12, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adam's Court", "Adam Court", "Adam and Eve Court" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 84827, "address": "", "street_id": 12, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.514595, "longitude": -0.08496, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 12, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/84827/" } ], "description": "East out of Old Broad Street at No. 11 (P.O. Directory). In Broad Street Ward.
\nFirst mention: \"Adam Court\" (O. and M. 1677).
\nSeems to occupy part of the site of the old inn or town house of the Abbots of St Albans (q.v.).
Adam & Eve-Court, Old Broad-Street, at 11, op. Throgmorton-st. 11 doors on the R. from Threadneedle-street.
Adam's-Ct., Broad-street, City, turns off on the right from Threadneedle-street at No. 12, Broad-street, nearly opposite to Throgmorton-street.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/12/" }, { "place_id": 13, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Adbryght Lane" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85279, "address": "Adbryght Lane", "street_id": 13, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 13, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85279/" } ], "description": "Tenement in parish of Aldermanbury being the 18th of twenty, counting from the Church of Aldermanburye to Adbryght Lane, 36, H. VIII. (H. MSS. Com. 9th Rep. p. 17).
\nIn Cripplegate Ward Within. Perhaps identical with Addle Street, but possibly lying further north.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/13/" }, { "place_id": 14, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Addle Hill", "Athel Street", "Athelestreet", "Athelyngstreet", "Adling Hill", "Adlestreete", "Adlingstreat", "Adlyns Street", "Athelstrete", "Athelestrete", "Athelingestreet", "Adhelingestrate", "Athelingestrete", "Achelingestrete", "Adhelingestrate", "Athelingestrete" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 84826, "address": "", "street_id": 14, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.512428, "longitude": -0.100591, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 14, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/84826/" } ], "description": "South out of Carter Lane at No. 51 to Knightrider Street in Castle Baynard Ward (P.O. Directory).
\nFirst mention: 1649 (L. and P. Commonw. 1. 523).
\nFormer names: \"Adling Hill,\" 1600, \"Shoemakers' Holiday,\" printed there, 1648 (L.C.C. Deeds, Harben Bequest, 1600–1700, No. 132). \"Adlestreete\" (S. 365). \"Adlingstreat,\" 1585–7, in parish of St. Andrew in \"le Wardroppe\" (London, I. p.m. III. 105). \"Adlyns Street,\" at the further end of the street called Knightrider Street, 12 Eliz. (ib. II. 125).
\nThe earlier forms are: \"Athelstrete,\" 1392 (Cal. P.R. Ric. II. 1391–6, p. 185). \"Athelestrete,\" 1334 (Ct. H.W. I. 399). \"Athelingestreet,\" 1283–5 (MS. D. and C. St. Paul's, Press A. Box 4, 109). \"Adhelingestrate,\" in parochia sancti Benedicti a la Huthe, 1244 (MS. D. and C. St. Paul's, Press A. Box 4, 688). \"Athelingestrete\" in parochia sancti Andr. de Castro baynardi, 1272–80 (ib. Box 2, 313). \"Achelingestrete,\" 1349 (Ct. H.W. I. 606). \"Achelingestrete,\" 1285 (D. and C. St. Paul's Lib. L. f. 93).
\nIn former times the street extended south to Upper Thames Street, so that some portion of the eastern side lay in the parish of St. Benet, Paul's Wharf. This southern end was demolished for the formation of Queen Victoria Street.
\nThe earliest form of the name seems to be \"Adhelingestrate\" or \"Athelingestrete,\" and it can easily be seen from the foregoing examples that the present name is a corruption from the earlier forms.
\nThe name may have been derived from the old English \"ethel\" = home, dwelling. from \"etheling\" = noble, prince, or from the Saxon name \"Athel,\" which seems to be the more probable derivation.
Addle Hill, betn Thames Str. S. and Great Carter Lane N. L. 150 Yds.
Addle hill, comes out of Carter lane, and runneth down to Thames street, leaving Knightriders street on the East side, and Church hill Alley on the West.
Addle-Hill, Upper Thames-Street,—at 231, the first on the L. from Earl-st. leading to 4, Gt. Carter-lane, Doctors-Commons.
Addle-Hill, Upper Thames-street, is the first turning on the left at the west end of Upper Thames-street from Earl-street, Blackfriars, and leads northward into Great Carter-lane, Doctors'-Commons, near to St. Andrew's church-yard.
Addle Hill, between Upper Thames Street and Great Carter Lane (the lower part cut by Queen Victoria Street); on a token of the 17th century, Adlin Hill. About this time it appears to have been in favour with printers. The Shoemakers' Holiday was printed in 1600 by \"Valentine Sims, dwelling at the foot of Adling Hill, near Barnard's Castle, at the sign of the White Swan.\" Sims was living there three years earlier, and another printer, Simon Stafford, was \"dwelling on Adling Hill\" in 1600.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/14/" }, { "place_id": 15, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Addle Street", "Addlestreete", "Adelane", "Adeistrete", "Addelane", "the lane leading from Aldermanburi", "Adelane", "Adellan", "Athelane", "Adlyngstrete", "Adlane", "Adellane", "Adlestreete", "Adle Street" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85280, "address": "Addle Street", "street_id": 15, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 15, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85280/" } ], "description": "West out of Aldermanbury to Wood Street at No. 43 and to Silver Street (P.O. Directory). In Cripplegate Ward Within.
\nFirst mention: \"Addlestreete\" (S. ed. 1598, p. 231). Earlier names and forms: \"Adelane\" or \"Adeistrete,\" 1556 (Ct. H.W. II. 660). \"Addelane,\" 33 Ed. I. (Anc. Deeds, A. 2451).
\nDescribed elsewhere in deeds relating to the same property as \"The lane leading from Aldermanburi,\" 31 Ed. III. (Anc. Deeds, A. 2457 and 2459).
\n\"Adelane,\" 4 Ed. III. (ib. 2452). \"Adellane,\" 34 Ed. III. (ib. 2455). \"Athelane,\" 1367 (Ct. H.W. II. 105). \"Adlyngstrete,\" 1400 (Cal. P.R. H. IV. 1399–1401, p. 193).
\nIt seems probable from the description of the property at the last-named reference, as situated \"between the church of St. Mary at the end of Stanynglane end and Adlyngstrete,\" that this latter street is to be identified with Addle Street.
\n\"Adlane,\" alias \"Adellane,\" 2 Eliz. (1560). (Lond. I. p.m. I. 202). \"Adlestreete,\" 1611 (Ct. H.W. II. 734). \"Adle Street,\" Leake, 1666.
\nStow says he does not know the origin of the name.
\nInhabited by Joiners (Strype, ed. 1720, I. iii. 90).
\nIn 1633 ed. of Stow's Survey it is suggested that the name is derived from King Adelstane, who is said to have had a house with an entrance in Adel Street, and that in evidences the street is called \"King Adel Street.\" There do not appear, however, to be any records giving this form of the name. The Saxon word \"Atheling\" means \"noble,\" the word \"ethel\" = home, dwelling, etc. The earlier forms set out above suggest the derivation from the personal names \"Ade,\" \"Adel,\" or \"Æthel,\" \"Adda,\" all of which occur in early records.
Addle Street, betn Woodstr. W. and Aldermanbury (near the Church) E. L. 100 Yds. Stow says it was so called from Adelstan, one of the Saxon Kings Palaces formerly here; and in Evidences, says he, 'tis found King Adel street.
Addle Street. Lower down in Woodstreet, is Addle street; out of the which runneth Philip lane down to London Wall.
Addle-Street, Wood-Street, Cheapside,—at 43, the third on the R. and about ⅕ of a mile from 122, Cheapside, extending to 58, Aldermanbury.
Addle-St., Aldermanbury, extends from No. 58, Aldermanbury, to Wood-street, Cheapside.
Addle Street, between Wood Street and Aldermanbury.
\nThen is Adle Street, the reason of which name I know not.—Stow, p. 111.
\nVery probable it is that this church [St. Alban's, Wood Street] is at least of as ancient a standing as King Adelstane the Saxon; who, as the tradition says, had his house at the east end of this church. This King's house having a door also in Adel Street, gave name as 'tis thought unto the said Adel Street, which in all evidences to this day is written King Adel Street.—Antony Munday (Stow, ed. 1633).
\nThe Saxon word Aþel or Adel is simply noble. No. 18 is Brewers' Hall. Next No. 23 was Plasterers' Hall.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/15/" }, { "place_id": 16, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aernselde", "Berneselde" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85281, "address": "Aernselde", "street_id": 16, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 16, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85281/" } ], "description": "A tenement so called in possession of William de Wynton in parish of St. Peter de Wodestrete in Westchepe, 1349 (Ct. H.W. I. 555).
\nIn 1380 it was in possession of Richard de Kyllyngworth (ib. II. 216).
\nNot further identified. See Selds.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/16/" }, { "place_id": 17, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Africa House", "Royal African House", "African House" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85282, "address": "Africa House", "street_id": 2742, "city_id": 2, "country_id": 2, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 17, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85282/" } ], "description": "On the south side of Leadenhall Street, Nos. 44 to 46, east of Billiter Street. In Aldgate Ward.
\nFirst mention: \"African House\" (O. and M. 1677). Part of the site was then occupied by Whitchurch House. Strype calls it \"Royal African House\" (ed. 1720 and 1755).
\nOriginally the offices of the Royal African Company, a trading Company formally established by Act of Parliament, 23 George II. The Company seems to have been formed as early as 1588, and before coming to Leadenhall Street, they had their offices in Warnford Court, in Broad Street Ward (L. and P. Chas. II. 1672, D.S. XII. p. 87). The original Company got into debt and surrendered their Charter to the Crown, assigning their estates to a new company incorporated in 1672 as the Royal African Company. The house in Leadenhall Street was pulled down in the 18th century to enlarge the East India Warehouse in Billiter Lane and in 1766 the offices were in Cooper's Court, Cornhill, being removed later to 3 Suffolk Lane, Cannon Street. The Charter was recalled in 1821 and the Company's possessions on the west coast of Africa incorporated into the colony of Sierra Leone. Strype says that Sir Nicholas Throgmorton lodged in the house in Leadenhall Street before the Company went to it (Strype, ed. 1720, I. ii. 54). Now occupied as warehouses, etc.
African House, Leadenhall Street, was the office of the Royal African Company, a trading company established by Act 23 Geo. II., c. 31 (1754). In 1821 the Charter of Incorporation was recalled by Parliament 1 and 2 Geo. IV. c. 28, and the possessions of the Company on the west coast of Africa were by the same Act annexed to and made dependencies upon the colony of Sierra Leone. An African Company was formed in London as early as 1588.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/17/" }, { "place_id": 18, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aggate Passage", "Borer's Passage", "Aggats Passage", "Aggate Passage" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85283, "address": "Aggate Passage", "street_id": 18, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 18, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85283/" } ], "description": "A passage at the north-west end of Cutler Street, north of the Clothes Market (P.O. Directory). In Portsoken Ward.
\nOther forms: \"Borer's Passage\" (Elmes, 1831). \"Aggats Passage\" (Rocque, 1746–Elmes, 1831). \"Aggate Passage\" (Horwood, 1799).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/18/" }, { "place_id": 19, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Albert Buildings" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85284, "address": "Albert Buildings", "street_id": 3685, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 19, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85284/" } ], "description": "On the south side of Queen Victoria Street at No. 37, at the corner of Queen Street (P.O. Directory). A large block of offices, etc.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/19/" }, { "place_id": 20, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Albion Chapel" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85285, "address": "Albion Chapel, Moorfields", "street_id": 1769, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 20, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85285/" } ], "description": "Moorfields. A Presbyterian chapel at the south-east corner of Finsbury Pavement, on the north side of London Wall. In Coleman Street Ward (O.S. 1880).
\nFirst mention: Greenwood, 1827.
\nErected after the removal of Old Bethlem Hospital in 1814 for the members of a Scotch congregation. Removed for the erection of Tower Chambers (q.v.).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/20/" }, { "place_id": 21, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Albion Place" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85286, "address": "Albion Place", "street_id": 21, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 21, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85286/" } ], "description": "North out of London Wall and then east. In Coleman Street Ward (O.S. 1880).
\nFirst mention: O.S. 1848–51.
\nIt is shown in Greenwood's map 1827, as a passage unnamed, east of Albion Chapel, leading to Albion Hall. Removed for the erection of Tower Chambers. Named after the Albion Chapel (q.v.).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/21/" }, { "place_id": 22, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Albion Tavern" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85287, "address": "Albion Tavern", "street_id": 38, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 22, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85287/" } ], "description": "A famous tavern on the west side of Aldersgate Street at No. 153.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/22/" }, { "place_id": 23, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Albion Wharf" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85288, "address": "Albion Wharf", "street_id": 23, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 23, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85288/" } ], "description": "Between Anchor Wharf and Horseshoe Wharf on the Thames, in Castle Baynard Ward (O.S. 1880). Site now occupied by warehouses, etc.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/23/" }, { "place_id": 24, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Albions Buildings", "Albion Buildings" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85289, "address": "Albions Buildings", "street_id": 282, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 24, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85289/" } ], "description": "On the southern side of Bartholomew Close at Nos. 11 and 13 (P.O. Directory). In Farringdon Ward Without.
\nFirst mention: Horwood, 1799.
\nA stone gives the date 1766, probably the date of erection. Rebuilt 1887.
\nSituated at the rear of the Albion Tavern, Aldersgate Street; hence the name.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/24/" }, { "place_id": 25, "geoname_id": null, "feature": { "feature_id": 689, "feature_class": "S", "feature_code": "STRS", "feature_short_name": "stairs", "feature_long_name": "a landing-stage, especially on the Thames in and near London", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/features/689/" }, "works": [], "names": [ "Alderman Stairs", "Alderman Parson's Stairs", "Parson's Stairs", "Lady Parson's Stairs", "Person's Yard" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85290, "address": "Alderman Stairs", "street_id": 25, "city_id": 2, "country_id": 2, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 25, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85290/" } ], "description": "On the Thames at East Smithfield, between Miller's Wharf west and Carron Wharf east.
\n\nForms of name: "Alderman Parsons Stairs" (Rocque, 1746–Elmes, 1831). "Parson's Stairs" (Horwood, 1799–Greenwood, 1827). "Lady Parson's Stairs" (Elmes, 1831). "Alderman Stairs" (O.S.). "Person's Yard" (Strype, ed. 1720).
\n\nName derived, as Elmes (Topographical Dictionary, 1831) suggests, from a former owner.
\n\nSir John Parsons was Alderman of Portsoken Ward 1687. Humphrey Parsons, Alderman, 1721–41, and Sir John Parsons, Fishmonger, M. 1704, is described as a son of ... Parsons of St. Katherine's, Brewer (Strype, ed. 1720, II. Bk. V. p. 152).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/25/" }, { "place_id": 26, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldermanbury", "Aldresmanesberi", "Aldermanesbury", "Aldermannebury", "Aldermannesbury", "Aldermanburi", "Aldermanburye" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85087, "address": "", "street_id": 26, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.515854, "longitude": -0.093156, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 26, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85087/" } ], "description": "North out of Gresham Street at No. 69 to 16 London Wall (P.O. Directory). In Cripplegate Ward Within.
\nEarliest mention found in records: In early times there was a soke of this name \"Aldresmanesberi,\" mentioned in a list of property in London belonging to St. Paul's (c. 1130), (MSS. D. and C. St. Paul's, Liber L. ff. 47–50), and it is probable that the earliest references are to the district or to the church of St. Mary, rather than to the street.
\nOther forms of name: \"Aldermanesbury,\" Ric. I. (Anc. Deeds, A. 1952). \"Aldermannebury,\" 4 John (ib. A. 1502). \"Aldermannesbury,\" temp. John (ib. A. 1501). \"Aldermanburi,\" 15 John (ib. A. 6884). \"Lane called Aldermanbury,\" 10 Ed. II. 1336 (Cal. Close R. Ed. III. 1333–7, p. 653). See under St. Mary Aldermanbury.
\nThere are frequent references temp. Ed. I. and Ed. III. to the \"Capital messuage\" of Aldermannebury and to \"manerium\" or \"managium\" de Aldermanbury, but it does not seem to have been in existence in Stow's time. It has been suggested by Stow that the first Guildhall was on the east side of the present Aldermanbury (Street) further west than the later building, and that the district received its name as being adjacent to, or, as having within its precincts, the \"bury\" or \"court\" of the aldermen of the city.
\nThe northern portion of the street from Addle Street to London Wall was called \"Gay-spore lane\" until about the middle of the 18th century. See Gayspur lane.
Aldermanbury. A street in Cripplegate Ward, the continuation of Milk Street, Cheapside, north of Gresham Street to London Wall.
\nHow Aldermanbury Street took that name, many fables have been bruited, all which I overpass as not worthy the counting; but to be short, I say this street took the name of Alderman's burie (which is to say a court), there kept in their bery or court, but now called the Guildhall. ... I myself have seen the ruins of the old court hall in Aldermanbury Street, which of late hath been employed as a carpenters' yard.—Stow, p. 109.\n
Expens and chargis in the clensyng of certeyn olde ruinouse houses and grounde lying in Aldenmanbury, sumtyme the Place of Saincte Aethelbert Kyng ... and in the erection, settyng uppe and makyng of fyve newe Tenementes ... which began in London, Tuysday the xxix day of Auguste the xxiii yere of the reigne of Kyng Henry grace the viiith.—Report on MSS. of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, by Maxwell Lyte.1\n
In 6 Richard II. (1383) one William Berham was accused of slandering John Northamptone, Mayor of London, and John Boseham, to \"Sir Robert Tresilian, Chief Justiciar of our Lord the King, at his house in Aldermannebury,\" and the case being tried before \"the country [jury] of the venue of Aldermannebury,\" he was found guilty and sentenced to be exposed on the Pillory for one hour on six consecutive days,\" with one large whetstone hung from his neck, in token of the lie told by him against the said Mayor, and another smaller whetstone in token of the lie told by him against the said John Boseham.2\n
In 1680 when the House of Commons compelled Jeffreys to resign the Recordership of London, he was also called to account for the \"great sums of money disbursed in fitting up his dwelling-house in Aldermanbury, which he held of the city.\"3\n
West out of Aldermanbury at No. 47 to Philip Lane (P.O. Directory). In Cripplegate Ward Within. Erected 1885.
\nThe site was formerly occupied by Sion College.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/27/" }, { "place_id": 28, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldermanbury Buildings" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85292, "address": "Aldermanbury Buildings", "street_id": 26, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 28, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85292/" } ], "description": "On the east side of Aldermanbury at No. 27, leading into St. George's Avenue (P.O. Directory). In Cripplegate Ward Within. Used as offices, etc.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/28/" }, { "place_id": 29, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldermanbury Conduit", "Conduit at Aldermanbury" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85223, "address": "", "street_id": 26, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 29, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85223/" } ], "description": "In the middle of Aldermanbury near St. Mary Aldermanbury Church. Commenced by Sir William Eastfield, Mayor, and by a codicil to his will dated 1445 he directed that it should be completed at his expense (Ct. H.W. II. 510).
\nStow tells us that it was finished by his executors in 1471, and that he had directed that water should be brought from Tyburn for the supply of the Conduit (S. 17, 18, 294, 526).
\nStrype describes it as built tower-wise (ed. 1720, I. iii. 90). Burnt in the Fire and rebuilt. Taken down in the 18th century.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/29/" }, { "place_id": 30, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldermanbury Postern", "Postern", "First Postern", "Little Postern" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85293, "address": "Aldermanbury Postern", "street_id": 30, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 30, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85293/" } ], "description": "North out of London Wall at No. 129 to Fore Street, opposite St. Alphage Church (P.O. Directory).
\nFirst mention: Strype, ed. 1720, I. iii. 92.
\nFormer names: \"Postern\" (Hatton, 1708). \"First postern\" (Rocque, 1746).
\nSo called from the street of Aldermanbury, of which it is the northern continuation, and as marking the site of one of the old postern gates in the City Wall. This postern was originally called the \"Little Postern,\" but in later years \"Aldermanbury Postern.\"
The Postern, a good well built and inhabited Street; hath a passage into London Wall street.
Aldermanbury Postern, a continuation northward of Aldermanbury to Fore Street, marks the path through the postern in London wall. The postern in the City wall, from which the street took its name, seems to have been originally called \"The Little Postern,\" but in its later years was commonly known as Aldermanbury Postern.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/30/" }, { "place_id": 31, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldermanecherche", "Aldermannes cherch" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85294, "address": "Aldermanecherche", "street_id": 31, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 31, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85294/" } ], "description": "Ernald de Berkele was presented to the church of \"Aldermannes cherch\" in the king's hands by voidance of the see of Canterbury, 1234 (Cal. P.R. H. III. 1232–47, p. 38).
\nBasing lane was in the parish.
\nPossibly to be identified with St. Mary Aldermary.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/31/" }, { "place_id": 32, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Alderman's Walk", "Dashmood's Walk", "Dashwood's Walk" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85295, "address": "Alderman's Walk", "street_id": 32, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 32, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85295/" } ], "description": "West out of Bishopsgate, on the north side of St. Botolph's Church, at No. 117 (P.O. Directory). In Bishopsgate Ward Without.
\nFirst mention: Rocque, 1746.
\nStrype tells us that adjoining to St. Botolph's Churchyard was an open passage leading to a large house and garden belonging to Francis Dashwood, deceased, and in his maps he calls this walk Dashmoods Walk (evidently an error for Dashwood). Francis Dashwood was Alderman of Walbrook Ward, 1658 (Beavan, I. 222). Hence the name of the street. Sir Samuel Dashwood had a house in Devonshire Square (Strype, ed. 1720, I. ii. 109).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/32/" }, { "place_id": 33, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldermary Churchyard", "St. Mary Aldermary Churchyard" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85296, "address": "Aldermary Churchyard", "street_id": 33, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 33, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85296/" } ], "description": "East and south of St. Mary Aldermary Church, from Budge Row to Bow Lane (O. and M. 1677–L.C.C. List, 1912).
\nThere were houses in the churchyard in Strype's time (Strype, ed. 1720, I. iii. 24). See Romayn's Rent. The churchyard seems to lie to the south of the church now, in Bow Lane.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/33/" }, { "place_id": 34, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldersgate", "Aldredesgate", "Aldredesgate", "Aldridesgate", "Aldretheggate", "Aldrethesgate", "Alresgate", "Aldresgate", "Aldreidesgate", "Allereddesgate", "Aldrichesgate", "Alcheresgate", "Aldrichgate", "Aldrisgate", "Aldrichegate", "Alderichesgate", "Aldrechegate", "Alderychgate", "Alderichgate", "Alderichegate", "Alderesgate", "Aldrychegate", "Aldrychgate", "Aldrychesgate", "Aldrisshgate", "Althergate", "Altergate" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 84584, "address": "", "street_id": 4345, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.517323, "longitude": -0.096838, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 34, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/84584/" } ], "description": "One of the principal gates in the City Wall, at the northern end of St. Martin's le Grand, and leading into Aldersgate Street, on the site now occupied by No. 62 in that street (Rocque, 1746).
\nStow speaks of it as one of the first four gates of the City, serving the northern districts (S. 34), and this view receives confirmation from the considerable Roman remains that have come to light in the neighbourhood from time to time.
\nEarliest mention found in records \"Ealdredesgate,\" Etheldred's Institutes, 10 and 11 Cent. (Thorpe's Anc. Laws, p. 127). But the MSS. are of the 13th century, or the latter part of the 12th century, and not authoritative as to the original form of the name.
\nOther forms \"Aldredesgate,\" Reg. Clerkenwell Priory (12th century), quoted by Dugdale, IV. 83 (Cott. MS. Faust. B. 11. B.M.). \"Aldredesgate,\" 49 H. III. (Anc Deeds, A. 1983). \"Aldridesgate,\" 53 H. III. (ib. A. 1870). \"Aldretheggate,\" 54 H. III. (ib. A. 1590). \"Aldrethesgate,\" 54 H. III. (ib. A. 1530). \"Alresgate,\" 1272–3 (Ct. H.W. I. 14). \"Aldresgate,\" 1274 (ib. 19). \"Aldreidesgate,\" 1285 (Cal. L. Bk. A. p. 210). \"Allereddesgate,\" 1291 (Ct. H.W. I. p. 100). \"Aldrichesgate,\" 1283 (ib. 67). \"Aldersgate,\" 1307 (ib. 192). (But this is probably not the form in the M.S.) \"Alcheresgate,\" 28 Ed. I. (Cal. L. Bk. C. p. 37). \"Aldrichgate,\" 1316 (ib. 264). \"Aldrisgate,\" 1349 (ib. 547). \"Aldrichegate,\" 1349 (ib. 605). \"Alderichesgate,\" 1349 (ib. 622). \"Aldrechegate,\" 1351 (ib. 665). \"Alderychgate,\" 1361 (ib. II. 17). \"Alderichgate, Alderichegate,\" 1361 (ib. 27). \"Alderesgate,\" 1363 (ib. 81). \"Aldrychegate,\" 1380–1 (ib. 222). \"Aldrychgate,\" 1407 (ib. 370). \"Aldrychesgate,\" 1433 (ib. 465). \"Aldrisshgate,\" 1436–7 (ib. 481). \"Althergate, Altergate,\" 16th Century (Machyn's Diary).
\nIn 1335 it was ordained that the gate should be covered with lead and a small house made under it for the gate-keeper (Cal. L. Bk. F. p. 15). It was taken down and rebuilt 1617, repaired and beautified in 1670 after the Fire and again in 1739 by the Lord Mayor.
\nIn 1750 the apartments over the gate were occupied by the Common Crier, and the eastern postern, which had been shut up, was reopened.
\nThe materials of the gate were sold for £91, in April, 1761, and the gate taken down.
\nWith reference to the derivation of the name, Stow says it was so named for the very antiquity of the gate, as being one of the first four gates of the City, but this derivation is obviously wrong, as in none of the forms in which the word is met with could it possibly denote \"Old Gate.\"
\nThe name is almost certainly derived from the personal name \"Ealdred\" or \"Aidred,\" The form found in Etheired's \"Instituta Londoniae\" quoted above, but Mr. Loftie's statement that the Aldred in question lived in the time of the first Mayor of London (i.e. at the end of the 12th century) is clearly wrong.
\nThe name appears in so many forms, as shown in the list set out above, that it may be of interest to classify the several forms according to the derivations which (taken by themselves) they would suggest, appending to each separate form the number of times it occurs, in the Court of Hastings Wills, Liber Albus, etc., Riley's Memorials, City Letter books, and other authorities consulted.
\nAldred's Gate: Aldredes (5), Aldrides (3), Allereddes (1), Aidrethe (1). In all ten instances between 1263 and 1343.
\nAldrich's Gate: Aldrich (15), Aldriche (13), Aldreche (1), Aldrych (1), Aldryche (2), Aldryches (1), Alderich (1), Alderiche (4), Aldriches (32), Alderiches (1), Alderych (1), Aldrissh (1). In all seventy-three instances between 1283 and 1587.
\nEaldor's Gate, i.e. the gate of the prince or alderman; Alderes (1), Aldres (47), Aldris (1), Alders (4), Alder (2), Aldir (1), Alther (5), Alter (1). In all sixty-two instances between 1214 and 1597.
\nThe form \"Alres\" occurs once in 1272, and although so early, must be a corruption from one of the other forms. It is remarkable that the forms suggesting \"Aldred\" should occur so infrequently, and that the other forms should make their appearance so early. But in dealing with the derivations of names, it is the earliest forms that are the most important, however scanty in number they may be.
\nRemains of a Roman ditch were found here on the site of the General Post Office, 75 ft. wide and 14 ft. deep, much wider than the remains in other parts, and it is suggested that it may have been part of a later scheme for strengthening the defences of the City (Arch. LXIII. p. 278).
\nSee Gates of the City.
Aldersgate, a gate in the City wall, near the church of St. Botolph, and south end of the present Castle and Falcon Inn; the exact site is marked by No. 62 on the east side of the street. As early as 1289 a house called Redehalle [Redhall], belonging to Henry le Galeys, is described as being \"without Aldredesgate.\"1 In 1460 it occurs as Aldresgate. In 1375, in the mayoralty of William Waleworthe, the Corporation granted to Ralph Strode, Common Counter [Common Sergeant], for the good service rendered by him to the City, \"all the dwelling-house, together with the garden, and all other its appurtenances, situate over the Gate of Aldrichesgate; to have and to hold the same so long as he shall remain in the said office of Counter.\"2 It is written Aldrichegate in the City Record of 27 Henry III.3 (1243), and in the London Chronicle of Edward IV.'s time, printed by Sir Harris Nicolas (p. 99).
\nÆldresgate, or Aldersgate, so called not of Aldrich or of Elders, that is to say, ancient men, builders thereof; not of Eldarne trees, growing there more abundantly than in other places, as some have fabled; but for the very antiquity of the gate itself, as being one of the first four gates of the city, and serving for the northern parts, as Aldegate for the east; which two gates being both old gates, are, for difference' sake, called, the one Ealdegate, and the other Aldersgate.—Stow, p. 14.\n
The gate described by Stow was taken down in 1617, and rebuilt the same year from a design by Gerard Christmas, the architect, as Vertue thought, of old Northumberland House. On the outer front was a figure in high relief of James I. on horseback, with the prophets Jeremiah and Samuel in niches on each side: on the inner or City front an effigy of the King in his chair of state. King James, on his way to take possession of his new dominions, entered London by the old gate: the new gate referred to this circumstance, with suitable quotations from Jeremiah and Samuel placed beneath the figures of the two prophets.4 The heads of several of the regicides were set on this gate.
\nOctober 20, 1660.—This afternoon, going through London, and calling at Crowe's, the upholsterer's, in St. Bartholomew's, I saw the limbs of some of our new traytors set upon Aldersgate, which was a sad sight to see; and a bloody week this and the last have been, there being ten hanged, drawn, and quartered.\"—Pepys's Diary.\n
The gate suffered by the Great Fire, but was soon after repaired and \"beautified.\" The whole fabric was sold, April 22, 1761, for £91, and immediately taken down. John Daye, the printer of Queen Elizabeth's time, dwelt \"over Aldersgate,\" much in the same manner as Cave subsequently did at St. John's. One of the earliest English almanacs, \"A Prognostication for the yere of our Lord, 1550,\" \"was imprynted at London by John Daye, dwelling over Aldersgate.\" He also printed there The Scholemaster of Roger Ascham in 1570, and Tyndal's Works, 1572. Daye carried his works outside the gates, building \"much upon the City wall, towards the parish church of St. Anne.\"—Seymour, Survey, p. 38. In March 1567, Foxe, the martyrologist, was living \"at Mr. Daye's, over Aldersgate.\" John Daye was the printer of his great work.—Life, pp. 132–134. Faithorne, the engraver, \"being made prisoner at Basing House, was brought to London and confined in Aldersgate, where he resorted to his profession, and among other heads did a small one of the first Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, in the manner of Mellan.\"—Walpole, Catalogue of Engravers, p. 49. In the last year of its existence the rooms over the gate were appropriated as \"the dwelling of the Common Crier of the City, for the time being.\" Among the State Papers there is mention of a cage, or prison, situated near the gate.—Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1639–1640, p. 496.
\nIn Bishopsgate Street. Mentioned in Middlesex Sessions Roll, 33 Chas. II. (Midd. Co. Rec. IV. 154). Not further identified.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/35/" }, { "place_id": 36, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldersgate Bars" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85298, "address": "Aldersgate Bars", "street_id": 38, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 36, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85298/" } ], "description": "At the north end of Aldersgate Street, marking the boundary of the City liberties in that direction.
\nShown in Rocque's map 1746 at the northern end of Pickaxe Street, as it was then called.
\nIn 17 Rich. II. the liberty of the City extended as far as a post stuck in the ground at the corner of Sir John Syfrnast's house, which formerly belonged to Adam Stable, in Gosewellestrete\" (Cal. L. Bk. H. p. 397).
\nThe site is marked by two granite obelisks, with drinking fountains attached.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/36/" }, { "place_id": 37, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldersgate Buildings" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85299, "address": "Aldersgate Buildings", "street_id": 38, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 37, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85299/" } ], "description": "East out of Aldersgate Street at No. 91 (P.O. Directory). In Aldersgate Ward Without.
\nFirst mention: (Horwood, 1799).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/37/" }, { "place_id": 38, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldersgate Street", "Aldredes gate Street", "Aldresgatestrete", "Aldrichesgate Street", "Aldergatestrete", "Aiderichegatestrete", "Aldirgastrete", "Aldersgate Streete", "Pick axe Street", "Goswell Street" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 84550, "address": "", "street_id": 38, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.519238, "longitude": -0.097162, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 38, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/84550/" } ], "description": "North from St. Martin's le Grand at No. 62 to Goswell Road (P.O. Directory). In Aldersgate Ward Without, but the northern end lies outside the City boundary, in the Borough of Finsbury.
\nFirst mention found in records: \"Aldredes-gate Street,\" 44 H. III. (Anc. Deeds, A. 1953).
\nOther forms of name: \"Aldresgatestrete,\" 33 Ed. I. (Cal. L. Bk. B. p. 129). \"Aldrichesgate Street,\" 1332 (Ct. H.W. I. 382). \"Aldergatestrete,\" 1349 (ib. 620). \"Aiderichegatestrete,\" 1361 (ib. II. 28). \"Aldirgastrete,\" 1383 (lb. 237). \"Aldersgate Streete\" (S. 311).
\nIn Rocque's map 1746 the northern portion from the Barbican to the Bars is called \"Pick-axe Street,\" and in Stow and Strype, \"Goswell Street.\" \"Aldersgate Street\" in Horwood, 1799.
\nShaftesbury Place, Lauderdale Buildings and Westmoreland Buildings all in this Ward commemorate some of the famous houses which stood in this street in earlier times.
\nNamed after the Gate of Aldersgate.
\nIn the course of excavations for building the French Protestant Church at the eastern end of Bull and Mouth Street, in 1841, portions of Roman buildings were discovered. A portion of the wall ran east to west, and its continuation under the pavement indicated the exact spot where the northern gate of the City stood. A base of flint stones was found at a depth of 11½ feet from the surface, 1 ft. 6 in. in height, on which rested layers of angular uncut stones imbedded in mortar, 4 ft. 6 in. high, covered by two courses of tiles; above the tiles was a ragstone wall 2 ft. 6 ins. high surmounted by two courses of tiles and another course of ragstone terminating 18 ins. under the pavement at that date. The height of the wall was 10 ft., varying in width from 9½ ft. at the base to 6 ft. at the top. The wall was apparently bounded by a ditch on the north, as the workmen had to excavate 20 ft. deep for a foundation through black earth or sediment. Similar walls, etc., were found on the opposite side of Aldersgate Street, being continued to the bastion in Cripplegate Churchyard (Arch. XXX. 522–4. R. Smith, 55).
\nA Roman wall was found at a depth of 6 ft. 9 in. extending from Aldersgate Street to King Edward Street. A line of buildings based on this wall formed the southern boundary of St. Botolph's Church. It is probable that the church and churchyard occupy the site of the Town Ditch. The length of the wall was 131 ft., height 11–12 ft. A tower also found was apparently of later date (Arch. LII. 609 et seq.).
Aldersgate Street, a very spacious and publick Str. betn Aldersgate S. and Goswel Str. N. L. 400 Yds and from P C. near N. 400 Yds. This Street has its Name from the Gate, and Stow says, the Gate has its Name from its Antiquity, as being ealder (or older) than Aldgate. See the Gate in the Introduction.
Aldersgate street, very spacious and long; and although the Buildings are old, and not uniform, yet many of them are very good, and well inhabited; and of the principal of them, two are very large, the one formerly called Dorchester House, as being the Seat of the Late Marquess of Dorchester; and Peter House, as belonging once to the Lord Peters: Now called London House, being at present the Seat of the Bishop of London. The other Thanet House, as belonging to the Earl of Thanet, the greatest part of which is now converted into Tenements; amongst which is a very handsome built Inn. This Street runneth Northwards unto the end of Barbican on the East side, and Long lane on the West; where Gosweel street begins.
Aldersgate street, extends from the gate to the corner of Barbican.
Aldersgate-Street,—the N. contin. of St. Martin's-Le-Grand, from 66 Newgate-st. Nos. 1 & 180 are at St. Martin's-le-Grand, it is about ¼ of a mile in length.
Aldersgate-St., is the north continuation of St. Martin's-le-Grand, and reaches from the site of the ancient Alders-gate to the ancient Barbican. This street contains the church of St. Botolph (see St. Botolph's Church); Shaftesbury House (which see), an ancient residence of the earls of that name, and built by Inigo Jones; the celebrated Albion Tavern, and the Bull and Mouth and the Three Cups Hotels. It gives name to the ward, which is governed by Alderman Sir Peter Laurie and eight common-councilmen.
Aldersgate Street, the continuation northward of St. Martin's-le-Grand, extends from Aldersgate to the Barbican, south of Aldersgate Bars. The main entrance to the City from the north, and in early times famed for mansions and inns. A street \"very spacious and long, and although the buildings are old and not uniform, yet many of them are very good and well-inhabited; and of the principal of them two are very large,\" wrote Seymour in 1736 (Survey of London, p. 771); but, he adds, \"the politeness of the town is far removed from hence.\" Eighty years earlier it was said:—
\nThis street resembleth an Italian street more than any other in London, by reason of the spaciousness and uniformity of buildings, and straightness thereof, with the convenient distance of the houses; on both sides whereof there are divers fair ones, as Peter House, the palace now and mansion of the most noble [Henry Pierrepont] Marquess of Dorchester. Then is there the Earl of Thanet's house [Thanet House], with the Moon and Sun tavern[s], very fair structures. Then is there from about the middle of Aldersgate Street, a handsome new street [Jewin Street] butted out, and fairly built by the Company of Goldsmiths, which reacheth athwart as far as Redcross Street.—Howell's Londinopolis, 1657, p. 342.\n
Redehall, a house \"without Aldredesgate,\" is mentioned in 1289 as belonging to Henry de Galeys; and in the Patent Rolls of Edward IV. a place is entered as Queen Jane's Wardrobe.1
\nOn the east side (distinguished by a series of eight Ionic pilasters, with festoons of flowers pendent from the volutes) stood Thanet House, one of Inigo Jones's fine old mansions, the London residence of the Tuftons, Earls of Thanet. From the Tufton family it passed into the family of Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury (d. 1682–1683): hence Shaftesbury Place and Shaftesbury House, as Walpole calls it in his account of Inigo Jones. Locke, on his return from the continent, May 1679, resided for some time in the house of Lord Shaftesbury, who was then at the head of the Ministry.—Lord King, Life of John Locke, p. 86; Fox-Bourne, Life of Locke, vol. i. p. 411. Thanet House continued to be Locke's home, when in London, as long as Shaftesbury lived. On one occasion at least during Shaftesbury's occupancy of Thanet House the Duke of Monmouth was concealed in it. In 1708 it was once more in the possession of the Thanet family; in 1720 it was a handsome inn; in 1734 a tavern; in 1750, and till 1771, the London Lying-in Hospital; then as a General Dispensary,2 the first established in London, removed in 1850 to Bartholomew Close. The lower part of the building was then divided, and let as shops; part serving for the meetings of the Metropolitan Scientific Association, and Shaftesbury Upper Hall used as a girl's school. Shaftesbury House was pulled down in 1882, and Shaftesbury Hall and several shops have been built on the site.
\nA little higher up, on the same side, where Lauderdale Buildings stand (Nos. 58 and 59), stood Lauderdale House, the London residence of John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale (d. 1682), one of the celebrated Cabal in the reign of Charles II. On the same side, still higher up, and two doors from Barbican, stood the Bell Inn, \"of a pretty good resort for waggons with meal.\" From this inn, on July 14, 1618, John Taylor, the Water Poet, set out on his penniless pilgrimage to Scotland.3
\nAt last I took my latest leave, thus late,\n
At the Bell Inn, that's extra Aldersgate.
Taylor's Works, 1630, p. 122.
On the west side, a little beyond the church of St. Botolph, Aldersgate, is Trinity Court, so called from a brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, licensed by Henry VI., suppressed by Edward VI., and first founded in 1377, as a fraternity of St. Fabian and Sebastian. The Hall was standing in 1790.4 Higher up, on the same side, Westmoreland Buildings preserves a memory of the London residence of the Nevilles, Earls of Westmoreland, taken down about 1760, after having been long divided and let out in tenements. At the back of Rutland House Sir William Davenant was, in 1656, permitted to get up an opera for recitations with music and scenery; the first dramatic entertainment licensed since the establishment of the Commonwealth. Still higher up is the Albion Tavern, famed for its good wines and its good dinners; while nearly opposite Shaftesbury House, stood Petre House, the townhouse until 1639 of the Lord Petre. Richard Lovelace, the poet, was, in 1648, confined in Lord Petre's house in Aldersgate by order of the House of Commons; and it continued to be used as a prison by Cromwell and his colleagues.5 In 1657 it was the residence of Henry Pierrepont, Marquis of Dorchester. After his death it was bought by the See of London, when the Great Fire had destroyed the Episcopal residence in St. Paul's Churchyard. Bishop Henchman died in London House, Aldersgate Street (as Petre House was then called), in 1675. Here Compton, Bishop of London, lived; and hither the Princess Anne (afterwards Queen) fled from Whitehall at the Revolution. In 1720 Bishop Robinson was residing in it. Shortly after the nonjuror, Thomas Rawlinson (\"Tom Folio\"), removed his great library to London House, where he died in 1725. In 1747 it was in the possession of Mr. Jacob Hive.6 Bishop Sherlock, in 1749, obtained parliamentary power to dispose of London House for the benefit of the See. It was some years later purchased by Mr. Seddon, \"an eminent upholsterer,\" and was destroyed by fire, July 14, 1768, but rebuilt, and the upholstery business was continued here till a few years back. In 1814 was made here, at an expense of £500, the cradle for Joanna Southcott's \"Prince of Peace,\" with the inscription, \"The free-offering of Faith to the Promised Seed,\" and great crowds flocked to see it. The baby-linen with its laces, etc., cost £500 more. London House was taken down and shops built on the site in 1871. Eminent Inhabitants, not already mentioned.—Countess of Pembroke, \"Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother;\" she died here in 1621. Thomas Flatman, poet, painter, and lawyer, was born in Aldersgate Street in 1633. Walpole's Anecdotes, p. 300. Robert Greene (d. 1592), though not an inhabitant, was a familiar visitant at a \"well-willer's house of mine\" in Aldersgate Street.7 Bryan Walton, Bishop of Chester, editor of the Polyglot Bible, died here in 1661. John Milton.
\nHe made no long stay in St. Bride's Church Yard; necessity of having a place to dispose his books in, and other goods fit for the furnishing of a good handsome house, hastening him to take one: and accordingly a pretty garden-house he took in Aldersgate Street, at the end of an entry; and therefore the fitter for his turn, by the reason of the privacy, besides that there are few streets in London more free from noise than that.—Philips's Life of Milton, 12mo, 1694, p. xx.\n
\n
His own words are: As soon as I was able I hired a spacious house in the City for myself and my books, where I again with rapture renewed my literary pursuits, and where I calmly awaited the issue of the contest, which I trusted to the wise conduct of Providence, and to the courage of the people.—Second Defence of the People of England.
Milton's house was at the lower end of Lamb Alley (now Maidenhead Court), by No. 30, on the east side of Aldersgate Street, the court next to Shaftesbury Place southwards.
\nSamuel Simmons, printer and publisher, \"next door to the Golden Lion in Aldersgate Street,\" was the purchaser, April 27, 1667, of the copyright of Paradise Lost, but it is only the second edition, 1674, which professed to be printed by S. Simmons. Thomas Brown—Tom Brown the facetious—died here in 1704. James Petiver, the botanist (d. 1718), was an apothecary in Aldersgate Street. He was one of the earliest and ablest English collectors of specimens of natural history. Sir Hans Sloane offered £5000 for his collection. \"At his house, against Little Britain in Aldersgate Street,\" lived John Pine the engraver, and received subscriptions (1738) for his exquisite edition of Horace. In Aldersgate Street, \"against Jewin Street,\" lived Sutton Nicholls, the publisher, to whose industry we are indebted for so many engravings and valuable memorials of old London buildings now no more.
\nIn Trinity Chapel, Aldersgate Street, the last Nonjuring congregation in London met under John Lindsay, the translator of Mason de Ministerio Anglicano. He died in 1768.8
\nIt was in a house in this street that John Wesley received that \"assurance of salvation\" which was the great turning point in his career, and to which the world owes the origin of Methodism. He writes in his Journal under Wednesday, May 24, 1738:—
\nIn the evening I went, very unwillingly, to a Society in Aldersgate Street where one was reading Luther's Preface to the Epistle to the Romans. About a quarter before nine, while he was describing the change which God works in the heart through faith in Christ, I felt my heart strangely warmed; I felt I did trust in Christ, Christ alone, for salvation, and an assurance was given me that He had taken away my sins, even mine, and saved me from the law of sin and death. I began to pray with all my might for all those who had in an especial manner despitefully used me and persecuted me. I then testified openly to all what I now first felt in my heart.\n
It was to \"the house called the Mouth, near Aldersgate in London, which was then the usual meeting-place of Quakers,\" that the body of \"Free-born John\" Lilburne was conveyed on his death, August 29, 1657.9 This house, the well-known Bull and Mouth Inn, really situated in St. Martin's-le-grand, was destroyed in the Great Fire; and the inn of the same title became the Queen's Hotel, which has been cleared away for the enlargement of the General Post Office. The inns of Aldersgate were especially travellers' houses, and looked after by the watch accordingly. Fynes Morison, on his return from his ten years' wanderings, 1595, arriving in London on Sunday \"at four of the clock in the morning ... this early hour being unfit to trouble my friends\"—
\nI went to the Cock (an inn of Aldersgate Street), and there, apparelled as I was, laid me down upon a bed, when it happened that the constable and watchmen (either being more busy in their office than need was, or having extraordinary charge to search upon some foreign intelligence, and seeing me apparelled like an Italian), took me for a Jesuit or priest.—Morison's Itinerary.\n
A century and a half later the Cock was described as \"a good inn, resorted to by waggons that bring meal and other goods.\"10 The George Inn, formerly the White Hart, is \"very large and convenient for the reception of coaches, waggons, and travellers. It hath galleries that lead to the chambers, as customary in many great inns. There is in Thanet House, which adjoins to this inn, a Lace Chamber of very good resort for buyers and sellers.\"11 The Bell Inn, whence Taylor the Water Poet set out on his travels, was still \"of good resort;\" it stood near Lauderdale House. There were besides the Half-Moon, \"the place of resort of the most noted wits of the 16th century.\"—Lambert. The Sun, \"large and of a good trade,\" and many more. The Aldersgate inns were the usual starting-place for the Northern Counties,12 as it seems to have been for Ireland some years later. Thus Swift, describing the visit to London (1721) of an Irish acquaintance, says: \"He was just getting on horseback for Chester: he has as much curiosity as a cow. He lodged with his horse in Aldersgate Street.\" Journal to Stella. Gay and Pope write to Swift (October 22, 1727), \"To our great joy you have told us your deafness left you at the inn in Aldersgate Street; no doubt your ears knew there was nothing worth hearing in England.\"
\nIn 1879 a row of old houses, some with projecting upper storeys on the west side of Aldersgate Street, was pulled down to make way for a pile of larger and more substantial buildings. One of these, No. 134, attracted much notice from its being absurdly called \"Shakespeare's London House.\" It was not unpicturesque in its dilapidated condition, and was probably of 17th century date, but in no other respect remarkable. The name, Shakespeare's London House, was first given to it within memory by an imaginative newsvendor who then occupied it, as a sort of advertisement. One of the most noticeable of the new buildings is the Manchester Hotel, a large structure of considerable architectural pretension at the corner of Long Lane, opposite to which is the Aldersgate Station of the Metropolitan Railway.
\nOn the west side of Aldersgate Street at No. 135, at its junction with Long Lane (P.O. Directory). In Aldersgate Ward Without.
\nFirst mention (O.S. 1875).
\nErected about 1865. Occupied the site of Red Lyon Inn, Cock Inn, etc.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/39/" }, { "place_id": 40, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldersgate Ward", "Ward of Aldreidesgate", "Ward of John Blakethorn" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85301, "address": "Aldersgate Ward", "street_id": null, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 40, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85301/" } ], "description": "One of the twenty-six wards of the City, on the northern side, bounded on the east by Cripplegate Ward, on the south by Farringdon Ward Within, on the west by Farringdon Ward Without, and extending north to the borough of Finsbury. It is divided into an Inner and Outer Ward, the southern portion within the City walls being called Aldersgate Ward Within, and the northern portion outside the walls, Aldersgate Ward Without. There is only one Alderman for Aldersgate Ward.
\nFirst mention found in records: \"Ward of Aldreidesgate,\" 1285 (Cal. L. Bk. A. p. 209) Called, \"Ward of John Blakethorn,\" 1277 (Cal. L. Bk. B. p. 265). Taking name of the north gate of the City (S. 305). In Stow's time it contained five parish churches: St. Anne and St. Agnes; St. Leonard, Foster Lane; St. Mary Staining; St. John Zachary; St. Botolph, Without Aldersgate. Formerly also the Collegiate Church of St. Martin le Grand. Of these churches only two remain, viz. St. Anne and St. Agnes, and St. Botolph, Without Aldersgate, the others having been destroyed in the Great Fire 1666 and not rebuilt. The parish of St. Leonard, Foster Lane, was united to Christ Church, Newgate Street, that of St. Mary Staining to St. Michael, Wood Street, and that of St. John Zachary to St. Anne and St. Agnes.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/40/" }, { "place_id": 41, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldersgate Ward School" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85302, "address": "Aldersgate Ward School", "street_id": 2782, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 41, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85302/" } ], "description": "Behind 77 Little Britain; a few doors from Aldersgate Street (Lockie, 1810). Founded in 1702 for children and adults, or children only of the poorer classes in the parish of St. Botolph, Aldersgate.
\nAmalgamated with the National Schools in 1861, and carried on at 160–1 Aldersgate Street.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/41/" }, { "place_id": 42, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate", "Alegate", "Portam de Alegate", "Allegate" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 84529, "address": "", "street_id": 46, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.51342, "longitude": -0.07707, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 42, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/84529/" } ], "description": "One of the gates in the City wall on its eastern side. It stood in the midst of the High Street, at the south-eastern corner of what is now Duke Street. It is shown in Leake's map 1666 and in Agas, Guildhall ed. 1578. There is a plan of the gate in a survey of Holy Trinity Priory made 1592, now at Hatfield (Home Co. Mag. II). The old gate stood 25 feet east from the corner of Jewry Street. See Plate IV.
\nIt is described by Stow as one of the four original gates in the wall and was new built in 1108–47, and again in 1215.
\nEarliest mention found in records: \"Alegate\" occurs in the grant by Matilda in 1108, of \"Portam de Alegate,\" to the Prior of Holy Trinity (Cal. L. Bk. C.-p. 73) and \"Allegate,\" 1108, Anc. Deeds, A. 1880.
\nDodsley (1761) says it is mentioned in a charter of King Edgar dated 967, but he gives no authority for the statement, and the charter is not given in Kemble, Birch or Thorpe.
\nIn the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ed. Plummer and Earle, p. 181) mention is made in 1052 of the \"Æstgate\" of the city, and in the \"Miraculi Beati Edmundi Regis\" by Hermannus, written about 1070 (MS. Cott. Tib. B. II. I), the city was entered \"a via que anglice dicitur 'ealsegate.'\"
\nBoth these forms may well have been used to designate \"Aldgate\" in early days before its name was finally determined.
\nThe earliest form of the name in all records is \"Alegate,\" \"Algate,\" and this form continued in general use until the 16th or 17th centuries The form \"Aldgate\" does not occur until 1486–7 (Ct. H. W. 11. 589), and this may be an error in the text of the Calendar, and the 'd' may not occur in the MS. itself.
\nThe dwelling-house above the gate was let to Geoffrey Chaucer in 1374 (Cal. L. Bk. G. 327–8). It was rebuilt in 1607–9, and when the gate was finally taken down and removed in 1761, some Roman coins were found under it. It was re-erected at Bethnal Green, but was pulled down not long after, and no trace of it now remains.
\nThe name of the gate still survives in the Ward and street of Aldgate. Stow derives the name from the \"antiquity or age thereof,\" but in this he is certainly wrong. The spelling in all early documents is, as stated above, usually \"Algate,\" and the \"d\" is invariably absent. It is intrusive and may be entirely disregarded in determining the derivation of the name. Mr. Loftie, who is \"shocked at Stow's ignorant guessing,\" says that it means \"free to all.\" But he does not show how or why it was more free than other gates, nor does he hazard a suggestion as to the original form of the word.
\nThe true etymology is undetermined, but several suggestions have been offered. Colonel Prideaux suggests in N. and Q. 9, S.I. 1, that it may mean the gate of the foreigners from \"ael\" = foreign. This word \"ael\" in Anglo-Saxon, besides being used in place of the prefixes \"eal\" = all, and \"el\" = foreign, is also used for \"ele\" = oil, and has further the meaning of \"awl,\" so that there is here plenty of material for guesswork.
\nIt may be connected with \"ale,\" in the sense of a feast, as in the word \"bridal,\" or in the sense of an ale-house. If the reference given above containing the form \"ealse\" can be taken to apply to Alegate, it suggests that the gate may have been named after some one called \"Ealh,\" an owner or builder, as this personal name was in general use in Anglo-Saxon times. The east gate of Gloucester was known as \"Ailesgate\" from \"Æthel,\" and it is conceivable that the \"ale\" or \"Alle\" in Alegate is derived from the same name \"Æthel,\" the \"th\" having dropped out early, but in the circumstances the name \"Ealh\" seems the more probable derivation.
\nPortions of the foundations of an old gate (probably mediæval) were found in 1907 on the south side of Aldgate High Street, 25 ft. east from the corner of Jewry Street at a depth of 16 ft. 6 in., and on the north side of the street in 1908 under the Post Office (Arch. LXIII. p. 266).
\nSee Gates of the City.
Aldgate, a gate in the City wall towards the east, and, according to most authorities, called Aldgate from its antiquity or age, but in the earliest records the spelling is Alegate (1325–1344), or Algate (1381), which is suggestive of another derivation. The gateway, a stately structure, stood in the midst of the High Street, south of Aldgate Church. Duke's Place and Poor Jury Lane now called Duke Street and Jewry Street being immediately inside the gate and wall. In 1215 the barons who were at war with King John entered the city with ease at Aldgate, which was then in a ruinous condition. Shortly afterwards they rebuilt the gate.
\nIn 1374 a lease was granted for the term of his life to Geoffrey Chaucer of \"the whole of the dwelling-house above the gate of Algate with the rooms built over, and a certain cellar beneath the same gate, on the south side of that gate, and the appurtenances thereof,\" he undertaking that he \"will competently and sufficiently maintain and repair\" them under penalty of being \"ousted\" on the neglect to do so. On the other hand he is not to let any portion of the said gate or dwelling, and \"in time of defence of the city\" the mayor and authorities are, when, and as often as it shall be necessary, to be free \"to enter the said house and rooms, and to order and dispose of the same, in such times, and in such manner as shall then seem to us to be most expedient.\"1 Great evils resulted from the occupation of the city gates as residences, and in 1386 the city enacted \"that no grant shall from henceforth in any way be made unto any person, of the gates, or of the dwelling-houses above the gates, etc.
\nOn her accession in 1553, Queen Mary entered London by this gate; the princess Elizabeth, escorted by 2000 horse, was in waiting to receive her, and the greeting of the sisters was in appearance warm and affectionate.
\nThis is one and the first of the four principal gates, and also one of the seven double gates mentioned by Fitzstephen. It hath had two pair of gates, though now but one; the hooks remaineth yet. Also there hath been two portcloses: the one of them remaineth, the other wanteth; but the place of letting down is manifest.—Stow, p. 12.\n
The gate described by Stow was taken down in 1606, and a new one erected in its stead, the ornaments of which are dwelt upon at great length by Stow's continuators. Two Roman soldiers stood on the outer battlements, with stone balls in their hands, ready to defend the gate: beneath, in a square, was a statue of James I., and at his feet the royal supporters. On the city side stood a large figure of Fortune, and somewhat lower, so as to grace each side of the gate, gilded figures of Peace and Charity, copied from the reverses of two Roman coins, discovered whilst digging the new foundations for the gate. The whole structure was two years in erecting. The inscription, from the amusing assumption of the Corporation, is worth preserving:
\nSenatus Populus Que Londinensis\n
Fecit 1609
Humfrey Weld, Maior.
Many things that seem foul in the doing, do please, done. ... You see gilders will not work but inclosed. ... How long did the canvas hang before Aldgate? Were the people suffered to see the City's Love and Charity, while they were rude stone, before they were painted and burnished?—Ben Jonson, The Silent Woman, Act. i. Sc. I.
The \"City's Love and Charity\" were standing in 1760;2 the other statues had been long removed. The apartments over the gate were in the early part of the 18th century appropriated to one of the Lord Mayor's carvers, but afterwards used as a charity school. The gate was taken down in 1761; the materials sold for £177: 10s.1
\nHere in the 14th century was a garden, marking probably the site of an earlier hermitage.
\n19 Edward III. (1325).—The garden at the south side of Aldgate, called The Hermitage, which Roger atte Wattre, the serjeant, held, was granted to Peter de Stanndone, blader [corn dealer], for the whole term of his life, at a yearly payment of ten shillings.\n
North out of Aldgate High Street at No. 24 and east to 25 Middlesex Street. First named, December, 1890.
\nFormer names before its rebuilding: \"Black Bull Alley or Yard\" (O. and M. 1677–1799). \"Bull Inn Yard\" (Horwood, 1799–1890). \"Bull Yard\" (O.S. 1848–51). The Black Bull Inn stood there and gave its name to the yard (Hatton, 1708).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/43/" }, { "place_id": 44, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate Churchyard", "Aldgate Churchyard", "St. Botolph Aldgate Churchyard" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85304, "address": "Aldgate Churchyard", "street_id": 44, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 44, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85304/" } ], "description": "This is the churchyard which is still in existence, adjoining to and surrounding the Church of St. Botolph, Aldgate. In Portsoken Ward.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/44/" }, { "place_id": 45, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate Hermitage", "the Hermitage" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85305, "address": "Aldgate Hermitage", "street_id": 46, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 45, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85305/" } ], "description": "In a turret of the City wall near Aldgate built 4 feet without the turret of the said wall in the King's highway (Inq. temp. Ed. I. quoted Strype, ed. 1720, I. ii. 5).
\nGarden on the south side of Alegate called \"the Hermitage,\" 19 Ed. II. (1325). (Cal L. Bk. E. p. 193).
\nBrother John, \"inclusus de Alegate,\" 42–3 H. III. was allowed to transfer himself to the hermitage near Cripelgate (Cal. P.R. H. III. 1258–66, p. 29).
\nThere were numerous hermitages in the City in these early times.
\nSee Anchorites.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/45/" }, { "place_id": 46, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate High Street", "Whitechapel Street", "Aldgate Street without Aldgate", "Aldgate High Street without Aldgate", "Aldgate", "Alegatestrete", "Alegatestrete", "Algatestrete", "Little Jewry in Algatestrete", "Algatestret", "Whitechapel in Algatestrete", "Alegatestrete", "Allgaitestrate", "Allegatestrate", "Algatestret", "High Street", "Whitechapel Road", "Blanck Chapelton", "Blanck Chapeltone", "Blanche Chapelton" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85306, "address": "Aldgate High Street", "street_id": 46, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 46, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85306/" }, { "place_address_id": 97501, "address": "Whitechapel", "street_id": 68634, "city_id": 2, "country_id": 2, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 46, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/97501/" } ], "description": "From Duke Street at 19 and 20 Aldgate to Middlesex Street at 146 Whitechapel High Street. In Portsoken Ward.
\nFormerly called also: \"Whitechapel Street\" (O. and M. 1677–Rocque, 1746). \"Aldgate Street without Aldgate\" (L. Guide, 1758). \"Aldgate High Street without Aldgate\" (Lond. Rev. 1728). But the form \"Aldgate High Street\" seems to have been the one in general use from the beginning of the 18th century.
\nIt must not be forgotten that Aldgate High Street forms part of one continuous thoroughfare extending from the junction of Leadenhall Street and Fenchurch Street to Mile End, and beyond the boundary of the County of London and indeed of Middlesex.
\nThe part included within the City boundary is now known as: \"Aldgate,\" from the east end of Leadenhall Street to Duke Street (in Aldgate Ward) and \"Aldgate High Street,\" from Duke Street to Middlesex Street (in Portsoken Ward).
\nBut in early days the name \"Aldgate\" or \"Alegatestrete\" (as it was more often called) had a much wider application, and was variously used to denote the high street extending from Lime Street to Whitechapel and Stepney beyond the City boundary, as well as apparently some part of Fenchurch Street or Jewry Street and Crutched Friars.
\nThus mention is made in old documents of: Tenements and rents in \"Alegatestrete\" in parish of St. Katherine Colman in 1334–5 (Cal. of Wills, Ct. Hust. I. 401). Tenements in \"Algatestrete\" in par. of Allhallows Stanyngechurche 1367 (Cal. Pat. Rolls, Ed. III. 1364–8, p. 338). \"Little Jewry in Algatestrete,\" 14 Rich. II. 1391 (Cal. Pat. Rolls, Rich. II. 1388–92, p. 417). Surrender at Court of Stebenhuthe (Stepney) manor of reversion of three shops, etc., in parish of St. Mary in \"Algatestret,\" 9 H. V. (Anc. Deeds, A. 2630). (This must be St. Mary Matfellon or St. Mary Whitechapel.) \"Whitechapel in Algatestrete,\" 36 Ed. III. (Cal. Feet of Fines, Lond. and Midd. I. p. 139).
\nStow, in his Survey of London (ed. 1603, p. 140), describes the street of Aldgate as extending from Aldgate Pump to Lime Street.
\nIt should be noted that in all the early forms, the name is written without the \"d.\"
\n\"Alegatestrete\" 10 Ed. I. (Anc. Deeds, A. 1950). \"Allgaitestrate,\" 13 Ed. I. (Chancery, I. p.m. (65)). \"Allegatestrate,\" 1309 (Cal. Wills. Ct. H. I. 207). \"Algatestret,\" 1349 (Cal. Wills. Ct. Hust. I. 596). Named after the Gate of Alegate.
White-chapel, a very extraordinary spacious str. betn White chapel bars (to which the freedom reaches) W. and Road to Mile end E. L. 1300 Yds being very broad also) and from T L. 750 Yds NEly.
Whitechapel is a spacious fair Street for Entrance into the City Eastward, and somewhat long, reckoning from the Laystall East unto the Bars West, where the Ward ends. It is a great Thorough fair, being the Essex Road, and well resorted unto, which occasions it to be the better inhabited, and accommodated with good Inns for the Reception of Travellers, and for Horses, Coaches, Carts and Waggons.
\nHere on the South Side is a Hay Market three times a Week.
\nThe South Side within the Bars, as well as a little way without, is taken up by a great many Butchers, who drive a considerable Trade, and kill excellent Beef, Veal, Mutton and Lamb; lying conveniently for driving and carrying Cattel from Rumford Market.
\nOn the North Side are divers considerable Inns much resorted unto, as the Three Nuns, the Crown, the Black Bull, the Blue Boar; with several Shopkeepers, who have a good Retail trade out of the Country.
\nHere, about the Bars, ply a great Number of Stage Coaches, for the conveniency of bringing to Town, or carrying into the Country, such as please to make use of them. Coaches there are, tending there for this Purpose, that belong to Stratford Bow, Stratford Langton, Low Leyton, Leyton Stone, West Ham, East Ham, Walthamstow, Woodford, Wansted, Barking, and other Places.
Whitechapel, a long and broad street which extends from the north east corner of the Minories, to Mile-end. It derived its name from St. Mary's church, which was originally a chapel of ease to St. Dunstan's Stepney, and from its whiteness called the White chapel.
Aldgate High-Street,—the E. continuation of Leadenhall-st. and Fenchurch-st. extending from the pump to Somerset-st. and Petticoat-lane.
Aldgate High-St., is the continuation of Leadenhall-street and Fenchurch-street, and extends eastward from the Pump to Somerset-street and Petticoat-lane. It gives its name to the ward, which is governed by an alderman (Thorpe) and six common-councilmen.
Aldgate High Street. The main street from Leadenhall Street to Jewin Street, the site of the ancient City gate, is known as Aldgate; the street eastward to Mansell Street and Petticoat Lane (now Middlesex Street), where Whitechapel High Street commences, is called Aldgate High Street. At the north-west corner of Aldgate High Street is St. Botolph's Church. The Three Nuns' Inn, and the Pye Tavern, over against the end of Houndsditch, are mentioned by De Foe in his History of the Plague. The Three Nuns continued to be a busy coaching inn till coaches were superseded by railways. It has lately been rebuilt on a large scale. The Bull was another large coaching inn. In Aldgate was the Saracen's Head—the site marked by Saracen's Head yard. A token was issued from \"The Pye without Aldgate\" as early as 1648.—Burn, p. 14. The Pye was one of the old inns \"in which plays were occasionally acted. In 1661 was published The Presbyterian Lash, or Noctroffe's Maid Whipped; a tragi-comedy as it was lately acted in the great room at the Pye Tavern at Aldgate.\" When Foxe, the martyrologist, returned to London in 1559, the Duke of Norfolk received him at his \"Manor House, Christ Church, Aldgate.\" The south-side of Aldgate High Street is lined with butchers' shops, and known as Aldgate Market.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/46/" }, { "place_id": 47, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate Pump", "Aldgate Well" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85307, "address": "Aldgate Pump", "street_id": 48, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 47, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85307/" } ], "description": "At the junction of Aldgate High Street with Leadenhall Street and Fenchurch Street (S. 140–O.S. 1875).
\nTaken down 1876 and a drinking fountain erected on the site.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/47/" }, { "place_id": 48, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate Street", "Alegatestrete", "Aldgate Within", "High Street Aldgate", "Aldgate High Street" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 84573, "address": "", "street_id": 48, "city_id": 2, "country_id": null, "latitude": 51.513626, "longitude": -0.07648, "checked": false, "inferred": false, "place_id": 48, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/84573/" } ], "description": "West from Aldgate High Street to Leadenhall Street at its junction with Fenchurch Street (P.O. Directory). In Aldgate Ward. This name has been adopted since O.S. 1848–51.
\nEarliest mention: \"Alegatestrete,\" temp. H. III. (Ane. Deeds, A. 7319).
\nIn the 14th century the name seems to have included part of the street outside the gate even as far as the Parish of St. Dunstan Stepney (Ct. H.W. I. 593, II. 332. Anc. Deeds, C. 549, and C. 799), and down to Stow's time it extended westward as far as Lime Street (S. 140), including part of the present Leadenhall Street. In the 14th century the name seems to have been also given to the eastern end of Fenchurch Street (Cal. Close R. Ed. III. 1364–8, p. 338, and Ct. H.W. I. 401, 1334–5).
\nOther names: \"Aldgate Within\" (Hatton, 1708–Boyle, 1799). \"High Street Aldgate\" (Rocque, 1746). \"Aldgate High Street\" (Horwood, 1799–Elmes, 1831).
\nSee Aldgate High Street.
\nName derived from the Gate.
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/48/" }, { "place_id": 49, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate Ward", "In warda Alegate", "Ward of John de Northampton", "Algate Ward", "Algatestrete Ward" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85308, "address": "Aldgate Ward", "street_id": 49, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 49, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85308/" } ], "description": "With Tower Ward the easternmost ward of the City within the walls (O.S.).
\nEarliest mention: \"In warda Alegate,\" c. 1130 (MS. D. and C. St. Paul's, Liber L. ff. 47–50).
\nCalled also: \"Ward of John de Northampton,\" 1279 (Cal. L. Bk. A. p. 206), and 2 and 3 Ed. III. Rot. Hund. I. 420).
\nIn early deeds and documents the name is always spelt \"Algate,\" \"Alegate.\" \"Algatestrete\" Ward 9. H. VII. (Anc. Deeds, A. 1588).
\nBounds set out in Stow 140–1, and Strype, ed. 1720. Strype says the ward is coterminous with the soke of Aldgate given by Matilda to the Priory of Holy Trinity in 1108, and he sets out the boundaries from Liber Dunthorne (ed. 1720, I. ii. 55). The boundaries are also given in L. Bk. C. p. 224, but they seem there to be confused with the Portsoken given to the Priory by the Knightengild.
\nNamed after the gate.
\nIn the Ward: 3 Parish Churches: St. Katherine Creechurch, St. Katherine Colman, St. Andrew Undershaft. 2 Halls of Companies: Fletchers' Hall, Ironmongers' Hall.
\nFletchers' Hall is now used as a warehouse.
\nThe Prior of Christchurch said to be Alderman of the Ward of Alegate 13 Ed. II. 1320 (L Bk. E. p. 8). This seems strange, as he was always ex officio Alderman of Portsoken, not of Aldgate. The Priory of Holy Trinity was in this ward on the site of Duke's Place, etc.
South out of Paul's Alley, Redcross Street, in Cripplegate Ward Without, leading into Aldersgate Street (L.C.C. List, 1912).
\nFirst mention: \"Alfred Court\" (Horwood, 1799–Elmes, 1831).
", "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/places/49/" }, { "place_id": 50, "geoname_id": null, "feature": null, "works": [], "names": [ "Aldgate Ward School" ], "placeaddress_set": [ { "place_address_id": 85309, "address": "Aldgate Ward School", "street_id": 1601, "city_id": null, "country_id": null, "latitude": null, "longitude": null, "checked": true, "inferred": false, "place_id": 50, "api_url": "https://www.grubstreetproject.net/api/placeaddresses/85309/" } ], "description": "Between Duke Street and Mitre Street, east of St. James' Church, with a passage into Mitre Street (O.S.) at No. 2 Mitre Street (End. Charities, Rep. 1902, p. I). Est. 1717 for boys and girls, under 34 trustees (ib.).
\nFunds transferred to Official Trustees of Charitable Funds 1899 (ib.). Now a Church of England Public Elementary School for boys and girls, under management of a Committee (ib.).
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