Caius Gabriel Cibber (1630–1700)

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Caius Gabriel Cibber
Caius Gabriel Cibber, 19th-century engraving by William Camden Edwards
Born1630
Flensburg, Schleswig
Died1700 (aged 69–70)
London, England, Kingdom of England
Known forSculpture
SpouseJane Colley
Children3, including Colley
Tomb of Francis Musters, 1680, by Caius Gabriel Cibber, Victoria and Albert Museum
Boy with Bagpipes by Caius Gabriel Cibber c.1680, V&A (formerly at Stowe House)

Caius Gabriel Cibber (1630–1700) was a Danish sculptor,[1] who enjoyed great success in England, and was the father of the actor, author and poet laureate Colley Cibber. He was appointed "carver to the king's closet" by William III.

Biography

Cibber was born in Flensburg in the province of Schleswig in Denmark.[2][1] His father was a cabinetmaker, supposedly to King Frederick III of Denmark.[3][1] He travelled to Italy to study art, where he may have changed his name from Sieber or Sibert to Cibo,[4] to suggest connection with the Cibos, an old and noble Italian family to which Pope Innocent VIII had belonged.[5] Cibber later emigrated to London, England, probably via the Netherlands. At first, he worked for the mason-sculptor John Stone, who had a workshop on Long Acre, until he set up his own studio after Stone's death in 1667.[3]

In 1668, Cibber became a Freeman, by Redemption, of the Worshipful Company of Leathersellers, and in 1679 he became a Liveryman of the same Company, remaining so until his death. He carved the company's coat of arms, and a stone mermaid pump, which stood outside Leathersellers' Hall in Little St Helen's, off Bishopsgate. The mermaid's head survives, having been discovered in excavations at St Helen's Place in 1925.[6]

A decade or more after his arrival in London, Cibber married (as his second wife—his first wife had died) Jane Colley on 24 November 1670 at St Giles in the Fields, London.[7] In the marriage licence documents, Cibber's age is given as 'about 33'. Jane came from a family of English gentry who claimed descent from the sister of William of Wykeham, and her grandfather, Sir Antony Colley, had been a prominent Cavalier during the English Civil War. They had three children: Colley, Lewis, and Veronica.[8] Between 1673 and 1679, Cibber was detained in Marshalsea prison and the King's Bench prison for unpaid gambling debts, though he was able to continue his work, and borrowed substantial sums from Edward Colley, his brother-in-law.[9][10]

Many of his works were, or are, on public display in London, including his statue of Charles II (1681), which still stands (rather worn away) in Soho Square. He made two lifelike human statues in Portland stone entitled "Melancholy" and "Raving Madness" for the gates of the 17th century mental hospital, known as Bedlam (now Bethlem Royal Hospital), which can currently be seen in their museum (modelli in V&A). They were said to be modelled on two inmates of the asylum, one of whom was Oliver Cromwell's mad porter, Daniel.[11] The two statues became his most famous work, and were mentioned in Alexander Pope's satire The Dunciad.[12] He also created the bas reliefs on the base of the Monument to the Great Fire of London; his reliefs at the Royal Exchange have been destroyed. He produced sets of sculpture for Trinity College, Cambridge, and for the Danish Church on Wellclose Square, where he was buried.[13][14][1] The church was demolished in 1869 and the grave was lost at that point.[15]

Major works

Cibber worked extensively with the architects Sir Christopher Wren (on St Paul's Cathedral and Hampton Court Palace) and William Talman (on Chatsworth House (1688–91) and the version of Thoresby Hall which was entirely burnt down in 1745).[16]

Cibber produced a number of excellent church monuments, including those to the 7th and 8th Earls of Rutland at Bottesford, Leicestershire, and the extraordinary Sackville monument at Withyham in East Sussex. A Flora in the gardens at Chatsworth has in recent years been returned to the Temple named after her; other large works there include the Sea Horse Fountain.[17]

Other works

References

  1. ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911.
  2. ^ Ashley, p. 171; Barker, p. 3
  3. ^ a b Ashley, p. 17
  4. ^ Barker, p. 3
  5. ^ Ashley, pp. 1, 171
  6. ^ Caius Gabriel Cibber: the Leathersellers' most famous sculptor, by Jerome Farrell, The Leathersellers' Review 2005–06, p.15
  7. ^ Ashley, p. 17; Koon, p. 194
  8. ^ Ashley, p. 18; Barker, p. 4
  9. ^ Ashley, p. 18; Barker, p. 5
  10. ^ Court Minutes of the Leathersellers' Company, 6 May 1679, GOV/1/5
  11. ^ Ashley, p. 172
  12. ^ Ashley, p. 147; Barker, p. 4
  13. ^ Barker, pp. 3–4
  14. ^ Harald Faber, Caius Cibber 1630–1700: his life and work, pub. 1926
  15. ^ Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis
  16. ^ The Garden at Chatsworth, Deborah Cavendish Devonshire, pp. 14–15, 2001, Frances Lincoln Ltd,ISBN 0-7112-1837-4
  17. ^ The Garden at Chatsworth, pp. 14–15

Sources