Publications of Lodowick Lloyd

Note: The following printer, bookseller, or publisher lists are works in progress. They are generated from title page imprints and may reproduce false and misleading attributions or contain errors.

What does "printed by" mean? How to read the roles ascribed to people in the imprints.

In terms of the book trades, the lists below are sorted into up to four groups where: the person is designated in the imprint as having a single role:

  1. "printed by x"; or
  2. "sold by x"; or
  3. "printed for x" or "published by x";

or as having multiple roles in combination (which suggests a likelihood that the person is a trade publisher):

  1. "printed and sold by x"; "printed for and sold by x"; or "printed by and for x" and so on.

Printers (owners of the type and printing presses, and possibly owners of the copyright) may be identified by the words printed by, but printed by does not universally designate a person who is a printer by trade. Booksellers may be identified by the words sold by, but sold by encompasses a number of roles. Booksellers or individuals who owned the copyright are generally identified by the words printed for, but nothing should be concluded in this regard without further evidence, especially since "printed for" could signify that the named person was a distributor rather than a copyright holder. Trade publishers, who distributed books and pamphlets but did not own the copyright or employ a printer—and were not printers themselves—might be identified by the words printed and sold by. Furthermore, works from this period often display false imprints, whether to evade copyright restrictions, to conceal the name of the copyright holders, or to dupe unwitting customers. Ultimately, one must proceed with caution in using the following lists: designations in the imprints may not reliably reflect the actual trades or roles of the people named, and the formulas used in imprints do not consistently mean the same thing.

David Foxon discussed the "meaning of the imprint" in his Lyell Lecture delivered at Oxford in March 1976, with particular attention to "publishers" in the eighteenth-century context:

The fullest form of an imprint is one which names three people, or groups of people:
     London: printed by X (the printer), for Y (the bookseller who owned the copyright), and sold by Z.
In the eighteenth century the printer's name is rarely given, at least in works printed in London, and the form is more commonly:
     London: printed for Y, and sold by Z.
Very often in this period, and particularly for pamphlets, it is further abbreviated to:
     London: printed and sold by Z.
It is this last form which is my present concern. Z is usually what the eighteenth century called 'a publisher', or one who distributes books and pamphlets without having any other responsibility—he does not own the copyright or employ a printer, or even know the author.

D. F. McKenzie coined the term "trade publisher" for these publishers in his Sandars Lectures, also in 1976, on the grounds that their principal role was to publish on behalf of other members of the book trade (Treadwell 100).

Michael Treadwell cautions that "In this period the imprint 'London: Printed and sold by A.B.' normally means 'Printed at London, and sold by A.B.' and must not be taken to mean that A.B. is a printer in the absence of other evidence." Further, "The imprint 'published by' occurs only rarely in Wing and is almost always associated with the name of a trade publisher" (104). While there are exceptions to the rule, it is "certain," he explains, "that anyone who made a speciality of distributing works for others will show a far higher proportion than normal of imprints in one of the 'sold by' forms" (116), which appear in the imprint as "sold by," "printed and sold by," or "published by" (104). Treadwell gives Walter Kettilby as an example of "a fairly typical copyright-owning bookseller" (106)—his role is almost always designated by the phrase "printed for" on imprints.

A final caution: publisher is a word that should be used with some deliberation. Samuel Johnson defines it simply as "One who puts out a book into the world," but "published by" rarely appears on the imprint until later in the eighteenth century, and then primarily associated with newspapers and pamphlets. Treadwell observes that John Dunton names only five publishers among the 200 binders and booksellers in his autobiographical Life and Errors (1705) wherein he undertakes "to draw the Character of the most Eminent [Stationers] in the Three Kingdoms" (100). Treadwell also remarks, however, that "in law, anyone who offered a work for sale 'published' it. In this sense every work had one or more 'publishers', and every bookseller, mercury, and hawker was a 'publisher'" (114).


See:

  • Terry Belanger, "From Bookseller to Publisher: Changes in the London Book Trade, 1750–1850," in Book Selling and Book Buying. Aspects of the Nineteenth-Century British and North American Book Trade, ed. Richard G. Landon (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978).
  • Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. "Who was 'A. Moore'? The Attribution of Eighteenth-Century Publications with False and Misleading Imprints," in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 110.2 (2016).
  • John Dunton, The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London: Printed for S. Malthus, 1705).
  • John Feather, "The Commerce of Letters: The Study of the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade," Eighteenth-Century Studies 17 (1984).
  • David Foxon, Pope and the Early Eighteenth-Century Book Trade, ed. James McLaverty (Oxford University Press, 1991).
  • Samuel Johnson, Dictionary of the English Language, (printed for J. and P. Knapton; T. and T. Longman; C. Hitch and L. Hawes; A. Millar; and R. and J. Dodsley, 1755).
  • D.F. McKenzie, The London Book Trade in the Later Seventeenth Century (Sandars lectures in bibliography, 1977).
  • Michael Treadwell, "London Trade Publishers 1675–1750," The Library sixth series, vol. 4, no. 2 (1982).

Printed for Lodowick Lloyd

  • The way of life and death made manifest and set before men. Whereby the many paths of death are impleaded, and the one path of life propounded and pleaded for. In some positions concerning the apostacy from the Christian spirit and life. With some principles guiding out of it. As also in answers to some objections whereby the simplicity in some may be entangled. Held forth in tender good will both to Papists and Protestants, who have generally erred from the faith for these many generations, since the dayes of the apostles; and with that which they have erred fro are they comprehended. By Isac [sic] Pennington the younger. London: printed by J. M[acock]. for Lodowick Lloyd at the Castle in Cornhil, 1658. ESTC No. R14864. Grub Street ID 62843.

Printed by and for, or by/for and sold by Lodowick Lloyd

  • Pugh, Thomas. Brittish and out-landish prophesies: most of above a 1000 years antiquity, the rest very antient; fore-telling the several revolutions which hath and shall befall the scepter of England; the coming in of the Normans, continuance and extirpation; the late warrs; the late Kings death; his Highness's conquest and arrival to the scepter, sovereigntie and government of Great Brittain; the fall of the Turk, Pope, Emperour of Germany, and most of the great princes of the world by their particular names; and that his Highness that now is shall conquer most of them: also, his Highness's lineal descent from the antient princes of Brittain, clearly manifesting that hee is the conquerour they so long prophesied of. Also, a short account of the late kings original; published in Welsh and English for the satisfaction of the intelligent in either tongue. By Thomas Pugh, Gentleman. London: printed, and are to be sold by Lodowick Lloyd at his shop next to the Castle in Corn-hill, 1658. ESTC No. R40720. Grub Street ID 122486.

Author

  • Lloyd, Lodowick. The marrow of history: or, the pilgrimage of kings and princes. Truly representing the variety of dangers inhærent to their crowns; and the lamentable deaths which many of them, and some of the best of them, have undergone. Collected out of the best modern histories; and from all those which have been most famous in the Latine, Greek, or in the Hebrew tongue. Shewing, not onely the tragedies of princes at their deaths, but their exploits and sayings in their lives; and by what virtues some of them have flourished in the height of honour; and overcome by what affections, others of them have sunk into the depth of all calamities. A work most delightfull for knowledge, and as profitable for example. Collected by Lodowick Lloyd, one of the gentlemen in ordinary to Queen Elizabeth. And corrected and revived by R.C. Master of Arts. London: printed by E. Alsop, dwelling near the Upper-Pump in Grubstreet, 1653. ESTC No. R200989. Grub Street ID 78456.