Publications of Carington Bowles

Note: The following printer, bookseller, or publisher lists are works in progress. They are generated from title page imprints and may reproduce false and misleading attributions or contain errors.

What does "printed by" mean? How to read the roles ascribed to people in the imprints.

In terms of the book trades, the lists below are sorted into up to four groups where: the person is designated in the imprint as having a single role:

  1. "printed by x"; or
  2. "sold by x"; or
  3. "printed for x" or "published by x";

or as having multiple roles in combination (which suggests a likelihood that the person is a trade publisher):

  1. "printed and sold by x"; "printed: and sold by x"; "printed for and sold by x"; or "printed by and for x" and so on.

On this last point, trade publishers such as Mary Cooper appeared in imprints as having "printed" or "published" the work, though they did not own the copyright. The lists below reflect only the information on the imprint, except where ESTC provides extra information.

Printers (owners of the type and printing presses, and possibly owners of the copyright) may be identified by the words printed by, but printed by does not universally designate a person who is a printer by trade. Booksellers may be identified by the words sold by, but sold by encompasses a number of roles. Booksellers or individuals who owned the copyright are generally identified by the words printed for, but nothing should be concluded in this regard without further evidence, especially since "printed for" could signify that the named person was a distributor rather than a copyright holder. Trade publishers, who distributed books and pamphlets but did not own the copyright or employ a printer—and were not printers themselves—might be identified by the words printed and sold by. Furthermore, works from this period often display false imprints, whether to evade copyright restrictions, to conceal the name of the copyright holders, or to dupe unwitting customers. Ultimately, one must proceed with caution in using the following lists: designations in the imprints may not reliably reflect the actual trades or roles of the people named, and the formulas used in imprints do not consistently mean the same thing.

David Foxon discussed the "meaning of the imprint" in his Lyell Lecture delivered at Oxford in March 1976, with particular attention to "publishers" in the eighteenth-century context:

The fullest form of an imprint is one which names three people, or groups of people:
     London: printed by X (the printer), for Y (the bookseller who owned the copyright), and sold by Z.
In the eighteenth century the printer's name is rarely given, at least in works printed in London, and the form is more commonly:
     London: printed for Y, and sold by Z.
Very often in this period, and particularly for pamphlets, it is further abbreviated to:
     London: printed and sold by Z.
It is this last form which is my present concern. Z is usually what the eighteenth century called 'a publisher', or one who distributes books and pamphlets without having any other responsibility—he does not own the copyright or employ a printer, or even know the author.

D. F. McKenzie coined the term "trade publisher" for these publishers in his Sandars Lectures, also in 1976, on the grounds that their principal role was to publish on behalf of other members of the book trade (Treadwell 100).

Michael Treadwell cautions that "In this period the imprint 'London: Printed and sold by A.B.' normally means 'Printed at London, and sold by A.B.' and must not be taken to mean that A.B. is a printer in the absence of other evidence." Further, "The imprint 'published by' occurs only rarely in Wing and is almost always associated with the name of a trade publisher" (104). While there are exceptions to the rule, it is "certain," he explains, "that anyone who made a speciality of distributing works for others will show a far higher proportion than normal of imprints in one of the 'sold by' forms" (116), which appear in the imprint as "sold by," "printed and sold by," or "published by" (104). Treadwell gives Walter Kettilby as an example of "a fairly typical copyright-owning bookseller" (106)—his role is almost always designated by the phrase "printed for" on imprints.

A final caution: publisher is a word that should be used with some deliberation. Samuel Johnson defines it simply as "One who puts out a book into the world," but "published by" rarely appears on the imprint until later in the eighteenth century, and then primarily associated with newspapers and pamphlets. Treadwell observes that John Dunton names only five publishers among the 200 binders and booksellers in his autobiographical Life and Errors (1705) wherein he undertakes "to draw the Character of the most Eminent [Stationers] in the Three Kingdoms" (100). Treadwell also remarks, however, that "in law, anyone who offered a work for sale 'published' it. In this sense every work had one or more 'publishers', and every bookseller, mercury, and hawker was a 'publisher'" (114).

See:

  • Terry Belanger, "From Bookseller to Publisher: Changes in the London Book Trade, 1750–1850," in Book Selling and Book Buying. Aspects of the Nineteenth-Century British and North American Book Trade, ed. Richard G. Landon (Chicago: American Library Association, 1978).
  • Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. "Who was 'A. Moore'? The Attribution of Eighteenth-Century Publications with False and Misleading Imprints," in The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 110.2 (2016).
  • John Dunton, The Life and Errors of John Dunton (London: Printed for S. Malthus, 1705).
  • John Feather, "The Commerce of Letters: The Study of the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade," Eighteenth-Century Studies 17 (1984).
  • David Foxon, Pope and the Early Eighteenth-Century Book Trade, ed. James McLaverty (Oxford University Press, 1991).
  • Samuel Johnson, Dictionary of the English Language, (printed for J. and P. Knapton; T. and T. Longman; C. Hitch and L. Hawes; A. Millar; and R. and J. Dodsley, 1755).
  • D.F. McKenzie, The London Book Trade in the Later Seventeenth Century (Sandars lectures in bibliography, 1977).
  • Michael Treadwell, "London Trade Publishers 1675–1750," The Library sixth series, vol. 4, no. 2 (1982).

Printed for Carington Bowles

  • Champion, Joseph. Bowles's complete sett of running hand copies written in single lines by Mr. Champion . London : printed for Carington Bowles in St. Pauls Church-yard. Published as the Act directs, 23 March 1784. ESTC No. N70743. Grub Street ID 51210.

Author

  • Bowles, Carington. The artists assistant in drawing, perspective, etching, engraving, mezzotinto-scraping, painting on Glass, in Crayons, and in Water-Colours. Containing The easiest and most comprehensive Rules For the Attainment of those truly Useful and Polite Arts. Methodically digested, And adapted to the capacities of young beginners. Illustrated with suitable examples engraved on copper. London : printed for T. Kitchin, printseller, (engraver to his Royal Highness the Duke of York) at the Star, Holbourn-Hill, [1770?]. ESTC No. T139979. Grub Street ID 187799.
  • Bowles, Carington. The artists assistant in drawing, prespective, etching, engraving, mezzotinto-scraping, painting on glass, in crayons, in water-colours, and on silks and sattins. Containing the easiest and most comprehensive rules for the attainment of those truly useful and polite arts, methodically digested, and adapted to the capacities of young beginners. Illustrated with suitable examples engraved on copper. The third edition, improved.. London : Printed for Robert Sayer, map and print seller, No. 53. in Fleet-Street, and John Smith, No. 35, Cheapside, as the act directs, 4th January, 1772. ESTC No. T162172. Grub Street ID 201025.
  • Bowles, Carington. The draughtsman's assistant; or, drawing made easy. Wherein the principles of the art are laid down in a familiar manner, in ten lessons, Under the following Heads, viz. 1. Of the Features and Limbs. 2. Of Profiles and Ovals. 3. Of Whole Figures. 4. Of Drapery. 5. Of Light and Shade. 6. Of Landscapes. 7. Of Perspective. 8. Of Enlarging and Contracting. 9. Of the Imitation of Life. 10. Of History. Illustrated by a great variety of examples neatly engraved. With An Introductory Treatise on the Utility of the Art; and An Appendix, containing Observations on Design as well in regard to Theory as Practice. By the author of The artist's assistant. London : printed for, and sold by, T. Kitchin, Engraver, No 59. Holborn-Hill, M.DCC.LXXII. [1772]. ESTC No. T88058. Grub Street ID 308057.
  • Bowles, Carington. The artists assistant in drawing, perspective, etching, engraving ... containing the easiest and most comprehensive rules for the attainment of those truly useful and polite arts ... illustrated with suitable examples engraved on four copper plates by Carington Bowles. London : printed for the author, Carington Bowles, 1773. ESTC No. T162170. Grub Street ID 201023.
  • Bowles, Carington. The whole art of painting in water-colours; exemplified in landscapes, flowers, &c. Together with instructions for painting on glass and in crayons: explained in a full and familiar manner. With particular directions for preparing the colours, agreeable to the practice of the most eminent masters. By the Author of The artists assistant. London : Printed for T. Kitchin, Engraver, and Co. at No. 59, Holborn-Hill. Published as the act directs, 1st May, 1773. ESTC No. T224111. Grub Street ID 246424.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's florist: containing sixty plates of beautiful flowers, regularly disposed in their succession of blowing. ... with instructions for drawing and painting them . London : printed for the author, Carington Bowles, at his map and print warehouse. As the Act directs, June 2, 1774. ESTC No. N43406. Grub Street ID 29186.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's post-chaise companion; or, traveller's directory through England and Wales: being an actual survey of all the ... roads, ... together with the circuits of the judges, and an exact ... list of all the fairs, ... In two volumes. London : printed for proprietor Carington Bowles, [1775?]. ESTC No. T210592. Grub Street ID 238631.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's Roman and Italic print alphabets, on a large size complete; With figures, double letters, and the most useful diphthongs in the modern taste; designed chiefly for the use of painters, engravers, carvers, grave-stone cutters, masons, plumbers, and other artificers; likewise very useful for merchants and tradesmens clerks. London] : Printed for and sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and Print Warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, London, [1775. ESTC No. T221071. Grub Street ID 244523.
  • Bowles, Carington. The artists assistant in drawing, perspecive [sic], etching, engraving, mezzotinto scraping, painting on glass, ... adapted to the capacities of young beginners. Illustrated with suitable examples engraved on four copper plates. The fifth edition, with additions.. London : printed for the author, T. Kitchin, engraver and printseller, as the Act directs, 12th June, 1775. ESTC No. T231840. Grub Street ID 257250.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's florist: containing sixty plates of beautiful flowers, regularly disposed in their succession of blowing, ... with instructions for drawing and painting them . London : printed for and sold by the proprietor, Carington Bowles, June 25, 1777. ESTC No. N32923. Grub Street ID 21483.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's polite recreation in drawing: containing picturesque portraits of fashionable faces, ... Including fifty-two well-known heads, with the animals they resemble; . London] : Printed for and sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, London, [1779. ESTC No. N32875. Grub Street ID 21447.
  • Bowles, Carington. All draughtsmen's assistant; or, drawing made easy: wherein the principles of that art are rendered familiar: in ten instructive lessons. Comprised Under the Following Heads. 1. Features and Limbs. 2. Profiles and Ovals. 3. Whole Figures. 4. Drapery. 5. Light and Shade. 6. Landscapes. 7. Perspective. 8. Enlarging and Contracting. 9. Imitation of Life. 10. History. Explained by a great variety of examples from the most approved designs on copper-plates, neatly engraved: with a suitable introduction on the utility of this noble art. and Observations on Design, as well in regard to Theory as Practice. By the author of The artist's assistant. London : printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, Map and Print-Sellers, (no. 53) Fleet-Street, [1780?]. ESTC No. T70278. Grub Street ID 294039.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's artists assistant in drawing, perspective, Etching, Engraving, Mezzotinto-Scraping, Painting on Glass, in Crayons, and in Water-Colours, And on Silks and Sattins. Containing the easiest and most comprehensive rules for the attainment of those truly Useful And Polite arts, Methodically digested, and adapted to the capacities of young beginners, illustrated with suitable examples engraved on four copper-plates. London : printed for and sold by the proprietor, Carington Bowles, At his Map and Print Warehouse, No. 69, in St. Paul's Church - Yard, [1780?]. ESTC No. T124907. Grub Street ID 175080.
  • Bowles, Carington. All draughtsmen's assistant; or, drawing made easy: wherein the principles of that art are rendered familiar; in ten instructive lessons, ... Explain'd by a great variety of examples from the most approved designs, on copper-plates, neatly engraved: with a suitable introduction on the utility of this noble art; ... By the author of The artist's assistant. London : printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, [1781?]. ESTC No. N39203. Grub Street ID 26660.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's post-chaise companion; or, Travellers directory through England and Wales: Being an actual survey of all the principal, direct, and cross-roads, both ancient and modern; with the distances expressed in single miles according to measurement: exhibiting the several towns, villages, post-stages, &c. on or near the roads; together with the circuits of the judges, and an exact alphabetical list of all the fairs, as settled since the alternation of the style. The second edition, corrected and greatly improved; with additions. In two volumes. Vol I. London : Printed for the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and Print Warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, [1781]. ESTC No. T210591. Grub Street ID 238630.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's post-chaise companion; or, Travellers directory through England and Wales: Being an actual survey of all the direct and principal cross roads, with the mile-stones expressed as they stand at present: exhibiting the several towns, villages, post-stages, &c. on or near the roads; together with the circuits of the judges, and an exact alphabetical list of all the fairs, as settled since the alteration of the style. The second edition, corrected, and greatly improved; with additions. In two volumes. Vol. I. London : Printed for the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and Print Warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul, Church Yard, MDCCLXXXII. [1782]. ESTC No. T195282. Grub Street ID 228996.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's art of painting in water-colours: Exemplified in landscapes, flowers, &c. together with instructions for painting on glass and in crayons: explained in a full and familiar manner. With particular directions for preparing the colours, agreeable to the practice of the most eminent masters. By the Author of Bowles's artist's assistant. The sixth edition. Corrected and greatly improved with additions. London : Printed for and sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and Print Warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, MDCCLXXXIII. [1783]. ESTC No. T149080. Grub Street ID 195158.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's artist's assistant ... containing the easiest and most comprehensive rules for the attainment of those truly useful and polite arts, . The sixth edition. Corrected and greatly improved with additions.. London : printed for and sold by Carington Bowles, 1783. ESTC No. T166788. Grub Street ID 204944.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's artist's assistant in drawing, perspective, Etching, Engraving, Mezzotinto-Scraping, Painting on Glass, in Crayons, and in Water-Colours, And on silk or satin. Containing the easiest and most comprehensive rules for the attainment of those truly useful and polite arts, Methodically digested, and adapted to The Capacities of Young Beginners, illustrated with suitable examples Engraved on four Copper-Plates. By the author of Bowles's Art of painting in water-colours. The seventh edition. Corrected and greatly improved with additions.. London : printed for and sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, At his Map and Print Warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, [1785?]. ESTC No. T144692. Grub Street ID 191521.
  • Bowles, Carington. The draughtsmen's assistant; Or, Drawing made easy: wherein the principles of that art are rendered familiar; in instructive lessons, comprised under the following heads: 1. Features and limbs. 2. Profiles and ovals. 3. Whole figures. 4. Drapery. 5. Light and shade. 6. Landscapes. 7. Perspective. 8. Enlarging and contracting. 9. Imitation of life. &c. explained by a great variety of examples from the most approved designs, on seventy-two copper-plates, neatly engraved: with a suitable introduction on the utility of this noble art. And observations on design, as well in regard to theory as practice. By the author of the artist's assistant. London : Printed according to act of Parliament, by Robert Sayer, map, chart, and printseller, No 53, Fleet-Street, MDCCLXXXVI. [1786]. ESTC No. N68905. Grub Street ID 50185.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's new Hackney-Coach directory; comprehending upwards of fifty thousand fares: calculated From the several stands now in Use, Agreeable to the late Act of Parliament, Which took Place on the 1st of August, 1786. With the new rates of watermen, As regulated by the Court of Aldermen, and approved by His Majesty's Privy Council. London : printed for the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and print warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1786. ESTC No. T144693. Grub Street ID 191522.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's new London guide, and Hackney-Coach directory: being an alphabetical index to all the streets, Squares, Lanes, Courts, Alleys, Docks, Wharfs, Keys, Stairs, &c. Churches, Chapels, and other Places of Worship; Villages, Hamlets, Hospitals, and Public Buildings of every Denomination, in and within five miles of The Metropolis. With the fares of Hackney-Coaches, Calculated from the several Stands, Agreeable to the late Act of Parliament, Which took Place on the 1st of August, 1786. And rates of watermen, As newly regulated by the Court of Aldermen, and approved by His Majesty's Privy Council. London : printed for the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and print warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1786. ESTC No. T144694. Grub Street ID 191523.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's new London guide; being an alphabetical index to all the streets, Squares, Lanes, Courts, Alleys, Docks, Wharfs, Keys, Stairs, &c. Churches, Chapels, and other Places of Worship; Villages, Hamlets, Hospitals and Public Buildings of every denomination, in and within five miles of The Metropolis. London : printed for the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and print warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, [1786?]. ESTC No. T144695. Grub Street ID 191524.
  • Bowles, Carington. The art of painting in water-colours: exemplified in landscapes, flowers, &c. Together with instructions for painting on glass and in crayons: Explained in a full and familiar Manner. With Particular Directions for preparing the Colours, agreeable to the Practice of the most eminent Masters. By the author of The artist's assistant. The eighth edition, corrected and greatly improved, with additions.. London : printed for and sold by Robert Sayer, at his Map, Chart, and Print Warnhouse, No 53, Fleet Street, M.DCCLXXXVI. [1786]. ESTC No. N16274. Grub Street ID 5952.
  • Bowles, Carington. The artists assistant in drawing, perspective, etching, Engraving, Metzotinto-Scraping, Painting on Glass, in Crayons, in Water-Colours, and on Silks and Sattins. Containing the easiest and most comprehensive rules for the attainment of those truly Useful and Polite arts, Methodically digested, And adapted to the Capacities of Young Beginners. Illustrated with suitable examples engraved on copper. The fourth edition, improved.. London : printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennet, map, chart, print-sellers, and globe-makers, No. 53, Fleet-Street, as the Act directs, M.DCC.LXXXVI. [1786]. ESTC No. T122228. Grub Street ID 172948.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's art of painting in water-colours: Exemplified in landscapes, flowers, &c. together with instructions for painting on glass and in crayons: explained in a full and familiar manner. With particular directions for preparing the colours, agreeable to the practice of the most eminent masters. By the Author of Bowles's artist's assistant. The ninth edition, corrected and greatly improved with additions.. London : Printed for and sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and Print. Warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1787. ESTC No. T224259. Grub Street ID 246540.
  • Bowles, Carington. The draughtsman's assistant; or, drawing made easy: wherein the principles of that art are rendered familiar, in instructive lessons ... Neatly engraved on seventy-two copper plates: ... By the author of The artist's assistant. London : printed for Robert Sayer, [1787?]. ESTC No. N61183. Grub Street ID 44093.
  • Bowles, Carington. The art of painting in water-colours: exemplified in landscapes, flowers, &c. Together with instructions for painting on glass and in crayons: Explained in a full and familiar Manner. With Particular Directions for preparing the Colours, agreeably to the Practice of the most eminent Masters. By the author of The artist's assitant [sic]. The ninth edition, corrected and greatly improved, with additions.. London : printed for and sold by Robert Sayer, At his Map, Chart, and Print Warehouse, No. 53, Fleet-Street, M.DCC.LXXXVIII. [1788]. ESTC No. N29987. Grub Street ID 18976.
  • Bowles, Carington. The artists assistant in drawing, perspective, Etching, Engraving, Mezzotinto-Scraping, painting on Glass, in Crayons, in Water-Colours, and on silks and satins. Containing The Easiest and most Comprehensive Rules For the Attainment of those truly Useful and Polite Arts, Methodically digested, And adapted to the Capacities of Young Beginners. Illustrated with suitable examples engraved on copper. The fifth edition, improved.. London : printed for R. Sayer, Map, Chart, Print Seller, and Globe-Maker, No. 53, Fleet-Street, as the Act directs, M,DCC,LXXXVIII. [1788]. ESTC No. T132318. Grub Street ID 181247.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's youth's assistant in drawing; Containing many curious specimens on an easy and familiar plan, adapted to lead the pupil gradually from the first practice on parts of the human body, to the drawing of the whole academy figures. In fifty plates, enlarged and improved. By Sebastian le Clerc. To which are prefixed, proper instructions to youth, for their improvement and entertainment in this art. The ninth edition, corrected, with additions.. London : Printed for and sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and Print Warehouse, No. 69, St. Paul's Church Yard, [1791?]. ESTC No. T229025. Grub Street ID 249130.
  • Bowles, Carington. The artists assistant in drawing, perspective, etching, engraving, mezzotinto-scraping, painting on glass, in crayons, in water-colours, and on silks and sattins. The art of jappaning, &c. Containing the easiest and most comprehensive rules for the attainment of those truly useful and polite arts, methodically digested, and adapted to the capacities of young beginners. Illustrated with suitable examples engraved on copper. Philadelphia: Printed by Benjamin Johnson, no 147, for Benjamin Davies, no 68, Market-Street, M,DCC,XCIV. [1794]. ESTC No. W1665. Grub Street ID 326136.
  • Bowles, Carington. The art of painting in water colours: exemplified in landscapes, flowers, &c. Together with instructions for painting on glass and in crayons: Explained in a full and familiar Manner. With Particular Directions For Preparing The Colours, Agreeably To The Practice Of The Most Eminent Masters. By the author of The artist's assistant. The tenth edition, corrected and greatly improved, with additions.. London : printed for and sold by Robert Laurie and James Whittle, Map, Chart, And Print-Sellers, NO. 53, Fleet-Street, successors to the late Mr. Robert Sayer, 1797. ESTC No. T116116. Grub Street ID 167795.
  • Bowles, Carington. The artist's assistant in drawing, perspective, ... painting on glass, ... and on silks and sattins. ... Illustrated with suitable examples engraved on copper. The sixth edition, improved.. London : printed for Laurie and Whittle, 1799. ESTC No. N30437. Grub Street ID 19395.
  • Bowles, Carington. Bowles's complete drawing-book, containing an extensive collection of examples on a great variety of subjects, for the improvement of youth, in the pleasant and useful art of drawing, elegantly engraved on one hundred copper-plates, in the following method: I. Lessons adapted to lead the pupil gradually from the first practice on parts of the human body, to the drawing of the whole academy figures, in fifty plates, by Sebastian Le Clerc. II. Examples of landscapes sketched in outlines for the first attempts of the pupil, and finished with shadings for his after practice. In several original plates, by Chatelaine, Viveres, Vansomer, &c. III. Designs in sea pieces; many examples in horses, cattle, fowls and flowers, after the best masters, on each subject. To which are annexed. Introductory rules for the use of learners; with an account of the instruments and materials used in drawing. The eighth edition, corrected and greatly improved with additions.. London : printed for and sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, at his map and print warehouse, no. 69, in St. Paul's Church Yard, [1800?]. ESTC No. T132565. Grub Street ID 181471.