[St. James's Park.] To this [St. James's] Palace belongs a very pleasant Park; which hath been much enlarged and improved by King Charles the Second, having purchased several Fields, which ran up to the Road, and as far as Hide Park, now enclosed with a Brick Wall: and made the Pall Mall half a Mile long, with curious Rows of Lime Trees round about, set in uniform Ranks: He made likewise the stately Canal 100 Foot broad, and 2800 Foot long, with a Decoy, and other Ponds, for Ducks and Water Fowl. At the Bottom of which Canal, fronting Whitehall, is a most excellent Figure in Brass of a Gladiator standing on a Pedestal. There is also a Garden with curious Walks, and excellent Fruits in it, much improved since Mr. George London, the late King William's principal Gardiner, had the Care and Management thereof; where he hath a very good House to dwell in. At the upper End of the Park Westward is Arlington House; so called from the Earl of Arlington, the Owner thereof. At whose Death it fell to his Daughter the Dutchess of Grafton, and the young Duke her Son. It is a most neat Box, and sweetly seated amongst Gardens, besides the Prospect of the Park, and the adjoining Fields. At present the Duke of Devonshire resideth here, as Tenant to the Dutchess of Grafton.

St. James's Park, was in the reign of Henry VIII. a wild wet field; but that Prince, on his building St. James's palace, inclosed it, laid it out in walks, and collecting the waters together, gave to the new inclosed ground, and new raised building, the name of St. James. It was afterwards much enlarged and improved by King Charles II. who added to it several fields, planted it with rows of lime trees, laid out the Mall, which is a vista half a mile in length, and formed the canal, which is an hundred feet broad, and two thousand eight hundred feet long, with a decoy, and other ponds for water fowl. Succeeding Kings allowed the people the privilege of walking in it, and King William III. in 1699 granted the neighbouring inhabitants a passage into it out of Spring Garden. It is certain that the Park enjoys a fine situation, and is laid out with a very agreeable air of negligence. It affords many pleasant walks, diversified by new scenes, varied by different rural prospects, and the view of distant structures on the west side.

St. James's Park,—situate between Charing-cross and Buckingham-gate, about ⅝ of a mile in length and 3⁄10 in breadth.

St. James's-Park, Westminster, is situated between Charing-cross and Buckingham Palace. In the reign of Henry VIII. this park was a desolate marshy field; but that monarch, on building St. James's Palace, enclosed and planted it. Charles II. much improved and enlarged it, under the directions of Le Notre, the celebrated landscape gardener. Succeeding kings allowed the people the privilege of walking in it, and William III., in 1699, granted the neighbouring inhabitants a passage into it from Spring Gardens.

It remained in this situation till the reign of George IV., who altered and improved it to its present state of picturesque beauty, from the designs, and under the superintendence of Mr. Nash. Our present sovereign, King William IV., has still farther improved it by ordering a public access to be made from Waterloo-place, Pall-mall. It is now, for its size and situation, one of the prettiest parks in the neighbourhood of the metropolis.

James's (St.) Park, a park of 58½ acres (shaped not unlike a boy's kite), originally appertaining to the Palace of St. James's. It was first formed and walled in by Henry VIII.; replanted and beautified by Charles II.; and finally arranged by George IV., much as we now see it, in 1827, 1828, and 1829. What may be called the head of the kite is bordered by four of the principal public offices: the Horse Guards in the centre, the Admiralty on its right, and the Treasury and new Government Offices on its left. The tail of the kite is occupied by Buckingham Palace; its north side by the Green Park, Stafford House, St. James's Palace, Marlborough House, and Carlton House Terrace; and its right or south side by Queen Anne's Gate, and the Wellington Barracks for part of the Household Troops. The gravelled space in front of the Horse Guards is called the Parade, and formed a part of the Tilt Yard of Whitehall: the north side is called the Mall, and the south the Birdcage Walk. Milton lived in a house in Petty France, with a garden reaching into the Birdcage Walk; Nell Gwynne in Pall Mall, with a garden with a mound at the end, overlooking the Mall; and Lord Chancellor Jeffreys, in a large brick house north of Storey's Gate, with a flight of stone steps into the Park, which has been much altered lately. [See Duke Street]

The first historical reference to St. James's Park is in a most picturesque account of the Great Muster of the London Militia in 1539, when "the King himselfe [Henry VIII.] would see the people of the Citie muster in a convenient nombre, and not to set furthe all their power, but to leave some at home to keep the Citie." The City resolved to show itself worthy of the occasion. Every Alderman reviewed the men of his ward, putting aside "all such as had jacks, coats of plate, coats of mail, and briganders, and appointed none but such as had white harness, except such as should bear Moorish pikes." And the men of substance furnished themselves with coats of white silk richly garnished, with chains of gold and feathers; others gilded their harness, their halberds, and their pole-axes; and some, especially "certain goldsmiths, had their breastplates, yea and their whole harness, of silver bullion." The muster was fixed for "the 8 day of May [1539], according to the King's pleasure." Then the Aldermen leading them from their several wards, they were ranged, and "all the fields firom Whitechapel to Mile End, and from Bednall Green to Ratcliff and to Stepney, were all covered with harness, men and weapons, and in especial the battell of pykes seemed to be a great forest." The Lord Mayor in rich array, attended by four footmen all in white silk cutt and rufled and pounced, and two well mounted pages in coats of crimson velvet and cloth of gold, with chains of gold, the one bearing his helm and the other his axe. Chamberlain and aldermen were equally splendid in array, with their deputies on horseback in white damask suits, with gold chains and feathers, and following them 400 whifflers on foot, proper and light persons, all apparelled in white silk, white hose, with chains about their necks and feathers in their caps, every man having a javelin or a sword. "The minstrels were all in white with the arms of the City, and so was every other person of this muster, without any diversity, saving the Lord Mayor, the Recorder and his brethren who had crosses of velvet or satin pearled with gold." The tallest men of every ward were chosen as standard-bearers, and they carried "thirty new standards of the device of the City, beside banners." Thus being ranged they were divided into "three battles, a forward, middleward, and rearward, and set forth according to the following "Order in going":—

About 8 of the clock marched forward the light pieces of ordinance with stone and powder, after them followed the drums and fifes, and immediately after them a guidon of the arms of the City. Then followed Master Sadeler, captain of the gunners, upon a good horse, in harness and a coat of velvet with a chain of gold and 4 halberds about him apparelled as before rehearsed. Then followed the gunners 4 in a rank, every one going 5 foot a sonder, every man's shoulder even with another, which shot altogether in divers places very cheerfully, and especially before the King's Majesty, which at that time sate in his new gatehouse at his Palace at Westminster, where he viewed all the whole company. In like manner passed the second and third battles, all well and richly appointed. They passed as is said the foremost Captain at IX of the clock in the morning by the Little Conduit entering into Paul's Churchyard, and so directly to Westminster, and so through the Sanctuary and round about the Park of S. James, and so up into the fields and came home through Holborne.... The number was XV thousand, beside whifflers and other waiters.—Hall's Chronicle, 1548, reprint, p. 830.

Although it was called St. James's Park as early as the reign of Henry VIII., we find it called Westminster Park in a document of the 15th James I. (January 19, 1618), granting the office of "keeping the ponds in it, to John Boreman, for life."¹

This celebrated park, with its broad gravel walks and winding sheet of water, was, till the time of Charles II., little more than a grass park, with a few trees irregularly planted, and a number of little ponds. The background of Hollar's full-length figure of Summer, engraved in 1644, affords a pleasant glimpse of its landscape beauties. Charles II. threw the several ponds (Rosamond's Pond excepted) into one artificial canal, built a decoy for ducks, a small ring-fence for deer, planted trees in even ranks, and introduced broad gravel walks in place of narrow and winding footpaths. Well might Dr. King exclaim:—

"The fate of things lies always in the dark;
What Cavalier would know St. James's Park?
For Locket stands where gardens once did spring
And wild ducks quack where grasshoppers did sing."

Bacon tells of an extraordinary scheme for killing Queen Mary in St. James's Park.

I heard it affirmed by a Man that was a great dealer in secrets, but he was but vaine, that there was a Conspiracy (which himself hindred) to have killed Queen Mary, sister to Queen Elizabeth, by a Burning Glasse, when shee walked in St. James's Park, from the leads of the House.—Bacon, Nat. Hist. p. 121.

Charles I., attended by Bishop Juxon and a regiment of foot (part before and part behind him),² walked, January 30, 1648–1649, through the park from St. James's Palace to the scaffold at Whitehall. He is said on his way to have pointed out a tree, close by where the cows stand, near the passage from Spring Gardens, as planted by his brother Prince Henry.¹ Here Cromwell took Whitelocke aside and sounded the Memorialist on the subject of a King Oliver.

November 7, 1652.—It was about this time in a fair Evening, I being walking in St. James's Park, to refresh myself after business of toil and for a little exercise, that the Lord General Cromwell meeting with me, saluted me with more than ordinary courtesy, and desired me to walk aside with him, that we might have some private discourse together. I waited on him, and he began the discourse betwixt us, which was to this effect.... Cromwell: What if a Man should take upon him to be King? Whitelocke: I think that remedy would be worse than the disease.—Whitelocke.

The great storm in which Cromwell died destroyed many of the trees in St. James's Park, and was long remembered.

On Tuesday night [February 7, 1698- 1699] we had a violent wind which blew down three of my chinmeys, and dismantled all one side of my house by throwing down the tiles. The great trees in St. James's Park are many of them torn up from the roots, as they were before Oliver Cromwell's death and the late Queen's.—Dryden to Mrs. Steward.

The changes made at the Restoration will be best understood by a series of short extracts from the writers who refer to them. The person employed by the King was, it is said, Le Nôtre, architect of the groves and grottos at Versailles (d. 1700), but there is reason to believe that Dr. Morison, formerly engaged in laying out the grounds of the Duke of Orleans,² was the King's chief adviser. Waller describes in pretty if somewhat languid and diffuse verse his vision of the charms of completed St. James's,—the groves with lovers walking in their amorous shade; the gallants dancing by the river's side, where they bathe in summer and in winter slide; the crystal lake in which a shoal of silver fishes glide, while laden anglers make the fishes and the men their prize.

For future shade, young trees upon the banks
Of the new stream appear in even ranks:
The voice of Orpheus, or Amphion's hand,
In better order could not make them stand.
. . . . . .
Here, a well-polish'd Mall gives us the joy,
To see our Prince his matchless force employ.

Waller, A Poem on St. Jamese's Park, as lately improved by His Majesty, fol. 1661.

September 16, 1660.—To the Park, where I saw how far they had proceeded in the Pell Mell, and in making a river through the Park, which I had never seen before since it was begun.—Pepys.

October 11, 1660.—To walk in St. James's Park, where we observed the several engines at work to draw up water, with which sight I was very much pleased.—Pepys.

October 22, 1660.—About 300 men are every day employed in his majesty's worke in making the River in St. James's Park and repairing Whitehall.... A Snow House and an Ice House made in St. James's Park, as the mode is in some parts in France and Italy and other hot countries, for to cool wines and other drinks for the summer season.—Rugge, Addit. MS. Brit. Mus., 10,116.

August 18, 1661.—To walk in St. James's Park, and saw a great variety of fowle which I never saw before.—Pepys

September, 1661.—This month the road that was formerly used for all coaches and carts and horses from Charing Cross to St. James's by St. James's Park Wall and the backside of Pall Mall, is now altered, by reason a new Pall Mall is made for the use of his Majesty in St. James's Park by the Wall, and the dust from coaches was very troublesome to the players at Mall. The new road was railed on both sides five foot distance the whole field length, also in the Park at the hither end of the new River cut there (the length of the Park) a brass statue [the Gladiator]¹ set up upon a mound of stone, and the Park made even level to the Bridge taken down, and the great ditches filled up with the earth that was digged down: the rising ground and the trees cut down, and the roots taken away, and grass seed sowed to make pleasant walking, and trees planted in walks.—Rugge, Addit. MS. 10,116. Brit. Mus.

December 1, 1662.—Over the Parke, where I first in my life, it being a great frost, did see people sliding with their skeates, which is a very pretty art.—Pepys.

December 15, 1662.—Having seene the strange and wonderful dexterity of the sliders on the new Canal in St. James's Park, performed before their Ma^ties by divers gentlemen and others with Scheets after the manner of the Hollanders, with what swiftness they pass, how suddainly they stop in full career upon the ice, I went home.—Evelyn²

December 15, 1662.—To the Duke [of York], and followed him into the Parke, where, though the ice was broken and dangerous, yet he would go slide upon his scates, which I did not like, but he slides very well.—Pepys.

August, 11, 1664.—This day, for a wager before the King, my Lords of Castlehaven and Arran, a son of my Lord of Ormond's, they two alone did run down and kill a stout buck in St. James's Park.—Pepys.

February 9, 1664–1665.—I went to St. James's Park, where I saw various animals.... The Parke was at this time stored with numerous flocks of severall sorts of ordinary and extraordinary wild fowle, breeding about the Decoy, which for being neere so greate a Citty, and among such a concourse of souldiers and people, is a singular and diverting thing. There were also deere of severall countries—white, spotted like leopards; antelopes; an elk; red deere; roebucks; staggs; Guinea goates; Arabian sheepe, etc. There were withy-potts or nests for the wild fowle to lay their eggs in, a little above y^e surface of y^e water.—Evelyn.

February 19, 1666–1667.—In the afternoone I saw a wrestling match for £1000 in St. James's Park before his Ma_ty, a world of lords and other spectators, 'twixt the Western and Northern men, Mr. Secretary Morice and Lo. Gerard being the judges. The Western men won. Many greate sums were betted.—Evelyn.

February 2, 1670–1671.—Lady Northumberland is grown so flippant since her adventure at Court (of which she has already informed your Ladyship) that now she trips it every day in St. James's Park, meets the person you wot of, and ogles and curtsies do pass at that rate, that her friends, knowing not what to make of it, only pray that her honour may be safe.—H. Sidney to Lady VcMghan (i.e., Rachel Russell), p. 270.

Lost in St. James's Park, November 15, 1671, about eight of the clock at night, a little Spaniel Dog of his Royal Highness; he will answer to the name Towser, he is liver coloured and white spotted, his legs speckled with liver colour and white, with long hair growing upon his hind legs, long ears, and his under lip a little hanging; if any can give notice of him they shall have five pounds for their pains.—London Gazette, November 16 to November 20, 1671, No. 627.

Lost four or five days since in St. James's Park, a Dogg of his Majestie's; full of blew spots, with a white cross on his forehead, and about the bigness of a Tumbler. The persons who shall have found or taken up the said Dogg are to give notice thereof to the porters of Whitehall.—London Gazette, No. 627 (same number).

 

Charles R.—The Workes and Services comprised in this Account, were done by our direction. May 30, 1671.
To Edward Dudley, Robert Beard, and others, for 670 Load of Gravell for ye raiseing of the Longe Walke, and severall causeywayes in St. James's Parke, in the year 1663, at the rate of 12d a load . . . .	£33	10	0
To Edward Maybanke and Thomas Greene for bringing in 1023 Load of Gravell at 8d the load . . . .	34	2	0
To severall persons for carrying Rubbish and Gravell into the said Parke, and spreading it . . . . .	10	15	0
To Phillip Moore, Gardener, for directing the levelling the ground of the Pond by the Horse-ground and the ground by the Canall side . . . . . .	15	15	0
To Edward Maybank and Tho. Greene for digging the Decoy and carrying out the earth and levelling the ground about the said Decoy . . . . . .	128	2	11½
To Edward Storey1 for wyer and other things used about the Decoy, and for 100 Baskets for the Ducks . . . . . .	8	9	0
To Oliver Honey for paving the feeding place for the Ducks and breaking the ground . . . . . .	1	10	0
To Sr George Waterman for several Netts for the Decoy . . . . . .	15	3	0
To James Rimes for plants, sets, and 400 Bolts of Reeds for the use of the Decoy . . . . . .	15	11	8
To Edward Storey for money paid to sundry workmen for setting the Reeds and Polles round the Decoy and wyering it . . . . . .	9	10	0
To Sydrach Hilcus for ye contriveing of the Decoy in St. James's Parke . . . . . .	30	0	0
For lookeing to the Plantacon and pruneing the Trees in St. James' Parke . . . . . .	73	0	7
For Oatmeal, Tares, Hempseed,2 and other corn for the Birdes and Fowles from September 1660 to June 24, 1670 . . . . . .	246	18	0
To William Thawsell for fish for the Cormorant, the 12th of March, 1661 . . . . . .	1	13	0
To John Scott for Carpenter's Worke done in Wharfing and making Bridges in the Island and Borders, and for Boards used about the Decoy and other Work . . . . . .	45	15	4

From the original Account signed by Charles II.

Even his [Charles II.'s] indolent amusement of playing with his dogs, and feeding his ducks in St. James's Park (which I have seen him do), made the common people adore him, and consequently overlook in him, what in a prince of a different temper they might have been out of humour at.—Colley Cibber's Apology, 8vo, 1740, p. 26.

One or two of the oaks planted in the Park and watered by the King himself were acorns from the royal oak at Boscobel.

The following letters to the Governors of Bethlehem Hospital, illustrative of St. James's Park, are entered in the Letter Book of the Lord Steward's Office:—

Board of Green Gloth,
August 16, 1677.
Gentlemen—Whereas Deborah Lyddal doth frequently intrude herselfe into St. James' Park, where she hath committed several] disorders and particularly took a stone offering to throw it at the Queen, and upon examination before us, by her whole carriage and deportment appears to be a woman distracted and void of right understanding; we have thought fit herewith to send the said Lyddal to you to the end and intent that shee may be received and taken into the Hospital of Bethlehem, there to be secured and treated in such manner as persons in her condicon use to be. Thus not doubting of your compliance herein we rest, Gentlemen, your very loving
Friends,
H. Prise,
Ste. Fox,
W. Churchill.

Board of Green Cloth,
January 12, 1677 [1677–1678.]
Gentlemen—By his Majesty's express command we herewith send you the body of one Richard Harris, who doth frequently intrude himselfe into St. James' Parke, where he hath committed several disorders and particularly in throwing an Orange at the King, and having for a long time shewed himself to be a person distracted and voyd of right understanding. We desire that you will receive him into your Hospital of Bethlehem, there to be treated in such manner as is most fit and usual for persons in his condition. Thus not doubting of your compliance therein. We rest, your very loving Friends,
W. Maynard,
Ste. Fox,
W. BOREMAN,
W. Churchill.¹

The following extracts will not require any illustration. Under Board of Green Cloth something has been said on the punishment which followed the offence of drawing a sword in the Park:—

Bluffe. My blood rises at that fellow: I can't stay where he is; and I must not draw in the Park.—Congreve, The Old Bachelor, 4to, 1693.

Gonway Seymour had a rencontre on Sunday last in St. James's Park with Gaptain Kirk of my Lord Oxford's regiment. I believe both were in drink; and calling one another beaus at a distance, they challenged, and went out of the Park to fight. Mr. Seymour received a wound in the neck.—Vernon to the Duke of Shrewsbury, June 6, 1699.

"This is a strange Country," said his Majesty [George I.] "The first morning after my arrival at St. James's, I looked out of the window, and saw a Park with walls, canal, etc., which they told me were mine. The next day, Lord Chetwynd, the ranger of my Park, sent me a fine brace of carp out of my canal; and I was told I must give five guineas to Lord Chetwynd's servant for bringing me my own carp out of my own canal in my own Park."—Walpole's Reminiscences.

In one of his ballads he [the Duke of Wharton] has bantered his own want of heroism; it was in a song that he made on being seized by the guard in St. James's Park, for singing the Jacobite air, "The King shall have his own again."—Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors.¹

Mr. Prior walks to make himself fat, and I to bring myself down; he has generally a cough, which he only calls a cold: we often walk round the Park together.—Swift, Journal to Stella, vol. ii. p. 182.

Queen Caroline spoke of shutting up St. James's Park, and converting it into a noble garden for the Palace of that name. She asked my father what it might probably cost; who replied, "only three Crowns,"—Walpoliana, vol. i. p. 9.

"Duck Island," by Birdcage Walk, was so named from Charles II. having formed a decoy of ducks upon it. The government was given by Charles to C. de St. Evremond. Caroline, Queen of George II., gave it to Stephen Duck, the thresher-poet.

My Lord Pomfret is made Ranger of the Parks, and by consequence my lady is Queen of the Duck Island.—Walpole to Sir Horace Mann, February 9, 1751.

I would recommend to our good friend Mason a voyage now and then with me round the Park. What can afford nobler hints for pastoral than the Cows and the Milkwomen at your entrance from Spring Gardens? As you advance, you have noble subjects for Comedy and Farce from one end of the Mall to the other; not to say Satire, to which our worthy friend has a kind of propensity. As you turn to the left, you soon arrive at Rosamond's Pond, long consecrated to disastrous love and Elegiac poetry. The Bird-Cage-Walk, which you enter next, speaks its own influence, and inspires you with the gentle spirit of Madrigal and Sonnet. When we come to Duck Island, we have a double chance for success in the Georgic or Didactic poetry, as the Governor of it, Stephen Duck, can both instruct our friend in the breed of the Wild-fowl and lend him of his genius to sing their generations.—Warburton to Bishop Hurd.

In his "Description of Various Clubs" (Miscellaneous Essays, 1759), Goldsmith, who was very fond of strolling here, says, "If a man be splenetic, he may every day meet companions on the seats in St. James's Park, with whose groans he may mix his own, and pathetically talk of the weather." A very different writer to Goldsmith has a much heartier recognition of its charms.

After living within a few hundreds of yards of Westminster Hall and the Abbey Church and the Bridge, and looking from my own windows into St. James's Park, all other buildings and spots appear mean and insignificant.—Cobbett's Year's Residence in the United States, 1818, p. 33.
 

Hail! Royal Park! what various charms are thine!
Thy patent lamps pale Cynthia's rays outshine—
Thy limes and elms with grace majestic grow
          All in a row;
Thy Mall's smooth walk, and sacred road beside,
Where Treasury Lords by royal mandate ride.
    Hark! the merry fife and drum;
    Hark of beaus the busy hum.—Pindaric Odes (Rolliad).

The principal walks in the Park were, "the Green Walk," between the Mall and the Park wall (here Charles II. stood and talked to Nell Gwynne); "the Close Walk," at the head of Rosamond's Pond; and "the Long Lime Walk," terminating at a knot of lofty elms. The "Green Walk" went by the name of "Duke Humphrey's Walk," and the "Close Walk" by the cant name of "the Jacobite Walk."

It was yesterday the news in the Jacobite Walk in the Park that his lordship not only quitted but was turned out.—Vernon Correspondence [under 1696], vol. i. p. 39.

The Green Walk afforded us variety of discourses from persons of both sexes. Here walked a beau bareheaded,—here a French fop with both his hands in his pockets carrying all his pleated coat before to shew his silk breeches. There were a cluster of Senators talking of State affairs and the price of Corn and Cattle, and were disturbed with the noisy milk folks—crying—A Can of Milk, Ladies; A Can of Red Cow's Milk, Sir.— Amusements, Serious and Comical, by Tom Brown, 8vo, 1700.

A temporary bridge surmounted by a Chinese pagoda, designed by John Nash, and erected across the Canal for a display of fireworks on the occasion of the arrival of the allied sovereigns in 1814, was taken down about 1825. During the Peace rejoicings a man fell from the top of the pagoda and was killed. The present bridge, 140 feet span, designed by Mr. Rendel, was erected in 1857, and decorated by Sir Digby Wyatt, architect, when the lake was cleared out and made of a uniform level, with a depth of water nowhere exceeding 4 feet. The grounds within the enclosure were laid out and planted by John Nash, have since been improved, and are now very picturesque. The pretty lodge of the Ornithological Society was designed by J.B. Watson, architect, in 1840. The finest views in London of architecture in combination with foliage are obtained from different parts of the Park and ornamental garden. Westminster Abbey and the towers of the Houses of Parliament make, with the foreground or framing of trees and occasional water, some very striking pictures. Observe.—Fronting the Horse Guards, the mortar cast at Seville, by order of Napoleon, employed by Soult at Cadiz, and left behind in the retreat of the French army after the battle of Salamanca. It was presented to the Prince Regent by the Spanish government. On the opposite side of the Parade is a Turkish gun taken from the French in Egypt. On the Queen's Birthday a grand parade of the Guards is held here, when the ceremony of "trooping the colours" is gone through.¹ The Park was lighted with gas in 1822; and the Wellington Barracks in the Birdcage Walk erected in 1834 and enlarged in 1859 for the Household Troops: the interior of the chapel was remodelled and embellished in 1878 under the direction of G.E. Street, R.A. [See St. James's Palace, Birdcage Walk, Constitution Hill, Green Park, Mall, and Pall Mall; Mulberry Garden, Rosamond's Pond, Spring Gardens, State Paper Office, and Tilt Yard; Arlington House, Buckingham House and Palace; Wallingford House, Carlton House, Marlborough House, Stafford House, and Horse Guards.]

---

¹ Cal. State Pap., 1611–1618, p. 57.
² Lord Leicester's Journal, by Blencowe, p. 95.

¹ D'Israeli's Charles I., vol. ii. p. 569, ed. 1851.
² Dr. Worthington's Correspondence, printed by the Chetham Society.

¹ The Gladiator, a caste in bronze, made by Le Soeur, removed by Queen Anne to Hampton Court (Dodsley's Environs, vol. iii. p. 741), and by George IV. to the private grounds of Windsor Castle, where it now is.
    "Here [in the garden at St. James's] are also half a dozen brasse statues, rare ones, cast by Hubert Le Sueur, his Majestie's servant, now dwelling in Saint Bartholomew's, London, the most industrious aud excellent statuary in all materials that ever this country enjoyed. The best of them is the Gladiator, moulded from that in Cardinal Borgheso's villa, by the procurement and industry of ingenious Master Gage."—Peacham's Compleat Gentleman, 4to, 1661, p. 108.
    "He lays about him like the Gladiator in the Park."—Nat. Lee, Dedication to Princess of Cleve.
    See also Ned Ward's London Spy. It stood in the Parade facing the Horse Guards.
² Skates were at this time evidently a novelty to the Londoner; yet five centuries before, as we learn from Fitzstephen, it was the common practice for the young men of the City, "who were expert in their sports upon the ice, to bind under their feet the shinbones of some animal (from examples found the tibia of a horse seems to have been preferred), and taking in their hands poles shod with iron, which at times they strike against the ice, they are carried along with as great rapidity as a bird flying, or a bolt discharged from a cross-bow."—Thoms's Stow, p. 215.

¹ From this Edward Storey Storey's Gate derives its name.
² I have heard that when Berenger was writing his History of Horsemanship he made the proper inquiries everywhere, and particularly at the King's Mews. There he found a regular charge made every year for Hemp Seed. It was allowed that none was used, but the charge had been regularly made since the reign of Charles II., and it was recollected that this good-natured monarch was as fond of his ducks as of his dogs, and took pleasure in feeding these fowls in the Canal. It was therefore concluded that this new article of expense began in his time, and cootinued to be charged regularly, long after any such seed was used or provided.—Note in Nichols's Tatler, 8vo, 1786, vol. iii. p. 361.

¹ Letter-Book of the Lord Steward's Office.

¹ Traitorous expressions would seem to have been punished more severely when uttered in St. James's Park than in any other place. Francis Heat was whipt in 1717, from Charing Cross to the upper end of the Haymarket, fined ten groats, and ordered a month's imprisonment, for saying aloud in St. James's Park, "God save King James the Third, and send him a long and prosperous reign;" and the following year a soldier was whipt m the Park for drinking a health to the Duke of Ormond and Dr. Sacheverel, and for saying, "He hoped soon to wear his right master's cloth."

¹ Plate 35 of Boydell's Landscapes, executed in 1751, affords a good view of the Park, looking down the Canal towards Buckingham House. Of the Parade there is a clever representation by Canaletti, engraved by T. Bowles, 1753.